Beaked and sperm whales are top predators living in the waters off the Kona coast of Hawai'i. Temporal and spatial analyses of the foraging activity of these two species were studied with passive acoustics techniques. Three passive acoustics recorders moored to the ocean floor were used to monitor the foraging activity of these whales in three locations along the Kona coast of the island of Hawaii. Data were analyzed using automatic detector/classification systems: M3R (Marine Mammal Monitoring on Navy Ranges), and custom-designed Matlab programs. The temporal variation in foraging activity was species-specific: beaked whales foraged more at night in the north, and more during the day-time off Kailua-Kona. No day-time/night-time preference was found in the southern end of the sampling range. Sperm whales foraged mainly at night in the north, but no day-time/night-time preference was observed off Kailua-Kona and in the south. A Generalized Linear Model was then applied to assess whether location and chlorophyll concentration affected the foraging activity of each species. Chlorophyll concentration and location influenced the foraging activity of both these species of deep-diving odontocetes.
References
1.
Au
, W. W.
, Giorli
, G.
, Chen
, J.
, Copeland
, A.
, Lammers
, M. O.
, Richlen
, M.
, Jarvis
, S.
, Morrissey
, R.
, and Moretti
, D.
(2014
). “Presence and seasonal variation of deep diving foraging odontocetes around Kauai, Hawaii using remote autonomous acoustic recorders
,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
135
(1
), 521
–530
.2.
Au
, W. W.
, and Hastings
, M. C.
(2008
). Principles of Marine Bioacoustics
(Springer-Verlag
, New York)
, pp. 1
–679
.3.
Au
, W. W. L.
, Branstetter
, B.
, Moore
, P. W.
, and Finneran
, J. J.
(2012
). “The biosonar field around an Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)
,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
131
, 569
–576
.4.
Au
, W. W. L.
, Giorli
, G.
, Chen
, J.
, Copeland
, A.
, Lammers
, M. O.
, Richlen
, M.
, Jarvis
, S.
, Morrissey
, R.
, Moretti
, D.
, and Klick
, H.
(2013
). “Nighttime foraging by deep diving echolocating odontocetes off the Hawaiian Islands of Kauai and Ni'iahu as determined by passive acoustic monitors
,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
133
, 3119
–3127
.5.
Baird
, R. W.
, Webster
, D. L.
, Aschettino
, J. M.
, Schorr
, G. S.
, and McSweeney
, D. J.
(2013
). “Odontocete cetacean around the main Hawaiian islands: Habitat use and relative abundance from small-boat sighting surveys
,” Aquat. Mammals
39
, 253
–269
.6.
Baird
, R. W.
, Webster
, D. L.
, McSweeney
, D. J.
, Ligon
, A. D.
, Schorr
, G. S.
, and Barlow
, J.
(2006
). “Diving behaviour of Cuvier's (Ziphius cavirostris) and Blainville's (Mesoplodon densirostris) beaked whales in Hawaii
,” Can. J. Zool.
84
(8
), 1120
–1128
.7.
Barbosa
, A. M.
, Brown
, J. A.
, and Real
, R.
(2014
). “modEvA—An R package for model evaluation and analysis
,” R package, version 0.1.8.
Barlow
, J.
(2006
). “Cetacean abundance in Hawaiian waters estimated from a summer/fall survey in 2002
,” Mar. Mammal Sci.
22
, 446
–464
.9.
Barton
, K.
(2015
). “MuMIn: Multi-Model Inference
,” R package version 1.15.1. http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=MuMIn (Last viewed February 2015).10.
Baumann-Pickering
, S.
, McDonald
, M. A.
, Simonis
, A. E.
, Berga
, A. S.
, Merkens
, K. P.
, Oleson
, E. M.
, Roch
, M. A.
, Wiggins
, S. M.
, Rankin
, S.
, Yack
, T. M.
, and Hildebrand
, J. A.
(2013
). “Species-specific beaked whale echolocation signals
,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
134
(3
), 2293
–2301
.11.
Bibby
, T. S.
, Gorbunov
, M. Y.
, Wyman
, K. W.
, and Falkowski
, P. G.
(2008
). “Photosynthetic community responses to upwelling in mesoscale eddies in the subtropical North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
,” Deep Sea Res. II
55
(10
), 1310
–1320
.12.
Bidigare
, R. R.
, Benitez-Nelson
, C.
, Leonard
, C. L.
, Quay
, P. D.
, Parsons
, M. L.
, Foley
, D. G.
, and Seki
, M. P.
(2003
). “Influence of a cyclonic eddy on microheterotroph biomass and carbon export in the lee of Hawaii
,” Geophys. Res. Lett.
30
(6
), 1318
, doi:.13.
Carretta
, J. V.
, Forney
, K. A.
, Oleson
, E.
, Martien
, K.
, Muto
, M. M.
, Lowry
, M. S.
, Barlow
, J.
, Baker
, J.
, Hanson
, B.
, Lynch
, D.
, Carswell
, L.
, Brownell
, R. L.
, Jr., Robbins
, J.
, Mattila
, D. K.
, Ralls
, R.
, and Hill
, M. C.
(2011
). U.S. Pacific marine mammal stock assessments, 2010. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-476, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 357
pp.14.
Clarke
, M.
, and Young
, R.
(1998
). “Description and analysis of cephalopod beaks from stomachs of six species of odontocete cetaceans stranded on Hawaiian shores
,” J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK
78
(02
), 623
–641
.15.
Egan
, J. P.
(1975
). Signal Detection Theory and ROC Analysis
(Academic Press
, New York
), pp. 1
–277
.16.
Fox
, J.
, and Weisberg
, S.
(2011
). An {R} Companion to Applied Regression
, 2nd ed. (Sage
, Thousand Oaks, CA
), http://socserv.socsci.mcmaster.ca/jfox/Books/Companion.17.
Giorli
, G.
, Au
, W. W.
, and Neuheimer
, A.
(2016
). “Differences in foraging activity of deep sea diving odontocetes in the Ligurian Sea as determined by passive acoustic recorders
,” Deep Sea Res. I
107
, 1
–8
.18.
Giorli
, G.
, Au
, W. W.
, Ou
, H.
, Jarvis
, S.
, Morrissey
, R.
, and Moretti
, D.
(2015
). “Acoustic detection of biosonar activity of deep diving odontocetes at Josephine Seamount High Seas Marine Protected Area
,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
137
(5
), 2495
–2501
.19.
Guisan
, A.
, and Zimmermann
, N. E.
(2000
). “Predictive habitat distribution models in ecology
,” Ecol. Model.
135
, 147
–186
.20.
http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov (Last viewed February 2015).
21.
Johnson
, M.
, Madsen
, P. T.
, Zimmer
, W. M.
, De Soto
, N. A.
, and Tyack
, P. L.
(2004
). “Beaked whales echolocate on prey
,” Proc. R. Soc. London B
271
(Suppl 6
), S383
–S386
.22.
Johnston
, D. W.
, McDonald
, M.
, Polovina
, J.
, Domokos
, R.
, Wiggins
, S.
, and Hildebrand
, J.
(2008
). “Temporal patterns in the acoustic signals of beaked whales at Cross Seamount
,” Biol. Lett.
4
(2
), 208
–211
.23.
Karl
, D. M.
, and Lukas
, R.
(1996
). “The Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) program: Background, rationale and field implementation
,” Deep Sea Res. II
43
(2
), 129
–156
.24.
Klinck
, H.
, Mellinger
, D. K.
, Klinck
, K.
, Bogue
, N. M.
, Luby
, J. C.
, Jump
, W. A.
, Shilling
, G. B.
, Litchendorf
, T.
, Wood
, A. S.
, Schorr
, G. S.
, and Baird
, R. W.
(2012
). “Near-real-time acoustic monitoring of beaked whales and other cetaceans using a Seaglider™
,” PloS One
7
, e36128
.25.
Lammers
, M. O.
, Brainard
, R. E.
, Au
, W. W.
, Mooney
, T. A.
, and Wong
, K. B.
(2008
). “An ecological acoustic recorder (EAR) for long-term monitoring of biological and anthropogenic sounds on coral reefs and other marine habitats
,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
123
, 1720
–1728
.26.
MacLeod
, C. D.
, Santos
, M. B.
, and Pierce
, G. J.
(2003
). “Review of data on diets of beaked whales: Evidence of niche separation and geographic segregation
,” J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK
83
, 651
–665
.27.
Marques
, T. A.
, Thomas
, L.
, Ward
, J.
, DiMarzio
, N.
, and Tyack
, P. L.
(2009
). “Estimating cetacean population density using fixed passive acoustic sensors: An example with Blaineville's beaked whales
,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
125
, 1982
–1994
.28.
Martin
, S. W.
, Marques
, T. A.
, Thomas
, L.
, Morrissey
, R. P.
, Jarvis
, S.
, DiMarzio
, N.
, Moretti
, D.
, and Mellinger
, D. K.
(2013
). “Estimating minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) boing sound density using passive acoustic sensors
,” Mar. Mammal Sci.
29
, 142
–158
.29.
McSweeney
, D. J.
, Baird
, R. W.
, and Mahaffy
, S. D.
(2007
). “Site fidelity, associations, and movements of Cuvier's (Ziphius cavirostris) and Blainville's (Mesoplodon densirostris) beaked whales off the island of Hawai'i
,” Mar. Mammal Sci.
23
(3
), 666
–687
.30.
Mellinger
, D. K.
, Stafford
, K. M.
, Moore
, S.
, Dziak
, R. P.
, and Matsumoto
, H.
(2007
). “Fixed passive acoustic observation methods for cetaceans
,” Oceanogr.
20
, 36
–45
.31.
Miller
, P. J.
, Johnson
, M. P.
, and Tyack
, P. L.
(2004
). “Sperm whale behaviour indicates the use of echolocation click buzzes ‘creaks' in prey capture
,” Proc. R. Soc. London B
271
(1554
), 2239
–2247
.32.
Møhl
, B.
, Wahlberg
, M.
, Madsen
, P. T.
, Heerfordt
, A.
, and Lund
, A.
(2003
). “The monopulsed nature of sperm whale clicks
,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
114
, 1143
–1154
.33.
Morrissey
, R. P.
, Ward
, J.
, DiMarzio
, N.
, Jarvis
, S.
, and Moretti
, D. J.
(2006
). “Passive acoustic detection and localization of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) in the tongue of the ocean
,” Appl. Acoust.
67
, 1091
–1105
.34.
Myers
, R. H.
, Montgomery
, D. C.
, Vining
, G. G.
, and Robinson
, T. J.
(2012
). Generalized Linear Models: With Applications in Engineering and the Sciences
(John Wiley & Sons
, New York
), Vol. 791
, pp. 1
–544
.35.
R Core Team
(2015
). “R: A language and environment for statistical computing
,” R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, https://www.R-project.org/ (Last viewed February 2015).36.
Roberts
, S. M.
(2003
). “Examination of the stomach contents from a Mediterranean sperm whale found south of Crete, Greece
,” J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK
83
, 667
–670
.37.
Schorr
, G. S.
, Baird
, R. W.
, Hanson
, M. B.
, Webster
, D. L.
, McSweeney
, D. J.
, and Andrews
, R. D.
(2009
). “Movements of satellite-tagged Blainville's beaked whales off the island of Hawai'i
,” Endangered Spec. Res.
10
, 203
–213
.38.
Seki
, M. P.
, Lumpkin
, R.
, and Flament
, P.
(2002
). “Hawaii cyclonic eddies and blue marlin catches: The case study of the 1995 Hawaiian International Billfish Tournament
,” J. Oceanogr.
58
(5
), 739
–745
.39.
Seki
, M. P.
, Polovina
, J. J.
, Brainard
, R. E.
, Bidigare
, R. R.
, Leonard
, C. L.
, and Foley
, D. G.
(2001
). “Biological enhancement at cyclonic eddies tracked with GOES thermal imagery in Hawaiian waters
,” Geophys. Res. Lett.
28
(8
), 1583
–1586
, doi:.40.
Spitz
, J.
, Cherel
, Y.
, Bertin
, S.
, Kiszka
, J.
, Dewez
, A.
, and Ridoux
, V.
(2011
). “Prey preferences among the community of deep-diving odontocetes from the Bay of Biscay, Northeast Atlantic
,” Deep Sea Res. I
58
, 273
–282
.41.
Trull
, T. W.
, Bray
, S. G.
, Buesseler
, K. O.
, Lamborg
, C. H.
, Manganini
, S.
, Moy
, C.
, and Valdes
, J.
(2008
). “In situ measurement of mesopelagic particle sinking rates and the control of carbon transfer to the ocean interior during the Vertical Flux in the Global Ocean (VERTIGO) voyages in the North Pacific
,” Deep Sea Res. II
55
(14
), 1684
–1695
.42.
Ward
, J. A.
, Thomas
, L.
, Jarvis
, S.
, DiMarzio
, N.
, Moretti
, D.
, Marques
, T. A.
, Dunn
, C.
, Hartvig
, E.
, and Tyack
, P.
(2012
). “Passive acoustic density estimation of sperm whales in the Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas
,” Mar. Mammal Sci.
28
(4
), E444
–E455
.43.
Woodworth
, P. A.
, Schorr
, G. S.
, Baird
, R. W.
, Webster
, D. L.
, McSweeney
, D. J.
, Hanson
, M. B.
, Andrews
, R. D.
, and Polovina
, J. J.
(2012
). “Eddies as offshore foraging grounds for melon-headed whales (Peponocephala electra)
,” Mar. Mammal Sci.
28
(3
), 638
–647
.44.
Zimmer
, W. M.
, Harwood
, J.
, Tyack
, P. L.
, Johnson
, M. P.
, and Madsen
, P. T.
(2008
). “Passive acoustic detection of deep-diving beaked whales
,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
124
(5
), 2823
–2832
.45.
Zuur
, A. F.
, Ieno
, E. N.
, and Elphick
, C. S.
(2010
). “A protocol for data exploration to avoid common statistical problems
,” Methods Ecol. Evol.
1
, 3
–14
.© 2016 Acoustical Society of America.
2016
Acoustical Society of America
You do not currently have access to this content.
