In ice-covered seas, traditional air-side oil spill detection methods face practical challenges. Conversely, under-ice remote sensing techniques are increasingly viable due to improving operational capabilities of autonomous and remotely operated vehicles. To investigate the potential for under-ice detection of oil spills using active acoustics, laboratory measurements of high-frequency, broadband backscatter (75–590 kHz) from crude oil layers (0.7–8.1 cm) under and encapsulated within sea ice were performed at normal and 20° incidence angles. Discrete interfaces (water-oil, oil-ice, and ice-oil) are identifiable in observations following oil injections under the ice and during the subsequent encapsulation. A one-dimensional model for the total normal incidence backscatter from oil under ice, constrained by oil sound speed measurements from −10 °C to 20 °C and improved environmental measurements compared to previous studies, agrees well with pre-encapsulation observations. At 20° incidence angles echoes from the ice and oil under ice are more complex and spatially variable than normal incidence observations, most likely due to interface roughness and volume inhomogeneities. Encapsulated oil layers are only detected at normal incidence. The results suggest that high-frequency, broadband backscatter techniques may allow under-ice remote sensing for the detection and quantification of oil spills.
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October 2016
October 04 2016
Broadband acoustic backscatter from crude oil under laboratory-grown sea ice
Christopher Bassett;
Christopher Bassett
a)
Department of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering,
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA
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Andone C. Lavery;
Andone C. Lavery
Department of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering,
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA
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Ted Maksym;
Ted Maksym
Department of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering,
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA
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Jeremy P. Wilkinson
Jeremy P. Wilkinson
British Antarctic Survey
, High Cross Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, United Kingdom
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a)
Current address: National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering Division, 7600 Sand Point Way NW, Seattle, WA 98115. Electronic mail: [email protected]
J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 140, 2274–2287 (2016)
Article history
Received:
February 11 2016
Accepted:
September 14 2016
Citation
Christopher Bassett, Andone C. Lavery, Ted Maksym, Jeremy P. Wilkinson; Broadband acoustic backscatter from crude oil under laboratory-grown sea ice. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 October 2016; 140 (4): 2274–2287. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4963876
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