Caged fish were exposed to sound from mid-frequency active (MFA) transducers in a 5 × 5 planar array which simulated MFA sounds at received sound pressure levels of 210 dB SPL(re 1 μPa). The exposure sound consisted of a 2 s frequency sweep from 2.8 to 3.8 kHz followed by a 1 s tone at 3.3 kHz. The sound sequence was repeated every 25 s for five repetitions resulting in a cumulative sound exposure level (SELcum) of 220 dB re 1 μPa2 s. The cumulative exposure level did not affect the hearing sensitivity of rainbow trout, a species whose hearing range is lower than the frequencies in the presented MFA sound. In contrast, one cohort of channel catfish showed a statistically significant temporary threshold shift of 4–6 dB at 2300 Hz, but not at lower tested frequencies, whereas a second cohort showed no change. It is likely that this threshold shift resulted from the frequency spectrum of the MFA sound overlapping with the upper end of the hearing frequency range of the channel catfish. The observed threshold shifts in channel catfish recovered within 24 h. There was no mortality associated with the MFA sound exposure used in this test.
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January 2012
January 13 2012
Effects of mid-frequency active sonar on hearing in fish
Michele B. Halvorsen;
Michele B. Halvorsen
a)
Department of Biology and Center for Comparative and Evolutionary Biology of Hearing, University of Maryland, College Park
, Maryland 20742
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David G. Zeddies;
David G. Zeddies
b)
Department of Biology and Center for Comparative and Evolutionary Biology of Hearing, University of Maryland, College Park
, Maryland 20742
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William T. Ellison;
William T. Ellison
Marine Acoustics Inc., 4100 Fairfax Drive, Suite 730, Arlington
, Virginia 22203
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David R. Chicoine;
David R. Chicoine
Doctor of Chiropractic Program, New York Chiropractic College, Seneca Falls
, New York 13148
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Arthur N. Popper
Arthur N. Popper
Department of Biology and Center for Comparative and Evolutionary Biology of Hearing, University of Maryland, College Park
, Maryland 20742
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Michele B. Halvorsen
a)
David G. Zeddies
b)
William T. Ellison
David R. Chicoine
Arthur N. Popper
Department of Biology and Center for Comparative and Evolutionary Biology of Hearing, University of Maryland, College Park
, Maryland 20742a)
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Current address: Pacific National Northwest Laboratory, Marine Sciences Laboratory, Marine Biotechnology Group, Sequim, WA 98382. Electronic mail: [email protected]
b)
Current address: JASCO Applied Sciences, Suite 301, 32 Troop Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3B 1Z1, Canada.
J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 131, 599–607 (2012)
Article history
Received:
June 09 2011
Accepted:
October 26 2011
Citation
Michele B. Halvorsen, David G. Zeddies, William T. Ellison, David R. Chicoine, Arthur N. Popper; Effects of mid-frequency active sonar on hearing in fish. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 January 2012; 131 (1): 599–607. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3664082
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