Recent studies indicate some odontocetes may produce echolocation beams with a dual-lobed vertical structure. The shape of the odontocete echolocation beam was further investigated in a false killer whale performing an echolocation discrimination task. Clicks were recorded with an array of 16 hydrophones and frequency-dependent amplitude plots were constructed to assess beam shape. The majority of the echolocation clicks were single-lobed in structure with most energy located between 20 and 80 kHz. These data indicate the false killer whale does not produce a dual-lobed structure, as has been shown in bottlenose dolphins, which may be a function of lowered frequencies in the emitted signal due to hearing loss.

1.
Aroyan
,
J. L.
,
McDonald
,
M. A.
,
Webb
,
S. C.
,
Hildebrand
,
J. A.
,
Clark, D., Laitman
,
J. T.
, and
Reidberg
,
J. S.
(
2000
). “
Acoustic models of sound production and propagation
,” in
Hearing by Whales and Dolphins
edited by
W. W. L.
Au
,
A. N.
Popper
, and
R. R.
Fay
(
Springer
,
New York
), pp.
409
469
.
2.
Au
,
W. W. L.
(
1980
). “
Echolocation signals of the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in open waters
,” in
Animal Sonar Systems
, edited by
R.
Busnel
and
J.
Fish
(
Plenum
,
New York
), pp.
251
282
.
3.
Au
,
W. W. L.
, and
Banks
,
K.
(
1998
). “
The acoustics of snapping shrimp Synalpheus parneomeris in Kaneohe Bay
,”
J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
103
,
41
47
.
4.
Au
,
W. W. L.
,
Carder
,
D. A.
,
Penner
,
R. H.
, and
Scronce
,
B. L.
(
1985
). “
Demonstration of adaptation in beluga whale echolocation signals
,”
J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
77
,
726
730
.
5.
Au
,
W. W. L.
,
Carder
,
D. A.
,
Penner
,
R. H.
, and
Turl
,
C. W.
(
1987
). “
Propagation of beluga echolocation signals
,”
J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
82
,
807
813
.
6.
Au
,
W. W. L.
,
Kastelein
,
R. A.
,
Benoit-Bird
,
K. J.
,
Cranford
,
T. W.
, and
McKenna
,
M. F.
(
2006
). “
Acoustic radiation from the head of echolocating harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena)
,”
J. Exp. Bio.
209
,
2726
2733
.
7.
Au
,
W. W. L.
,
Pawloski
,
J. L.
, and
Nachtigall
,
P. E.
(
1995
). “
Echolocation signals and transmission beam pattern of a false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens)
,”
J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
98
,
51
59
.
8.
Cranford
,
T. W.
,
Amundin
,
M.
, and
Norris
,
K.
(
1996
). “
Functional morphology and homology in the odontocete nasal complex: implications for sound generation
,”
J. Morph.
228
,
223
285
.
9.
Ibsen
,
S. D.
,
Au
,
W. W. L.
,
Nachtigall
,
P. E.
,
DeLong
,
C. M.
, and
Breese
,
M.
(
2007
). “
Changes in signal parameters over time for an echolocating Atlantic bottlenose dolphin performing the same target discrimination task
,”
J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
122
,
2446
2450
.
10.
Kloepper
,
L. N.
,
Nachtigall
,
P. E.
, and
Breese
,
M.
(
2010a
). “
Change in echolocation signals with hearing loss in a false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens)
,”
J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
128
,
2233
2237
.
11.
Kloepper
,
L. N.
,
Nachtigall
,
P. E.
,
Gisiner
,
R.
, and
Breese
,
M.
(
2010b
). “
Decreased echolocation performance following high-frequency hearing loss in the false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens)
,”
J. Exp. Bio.
213
,
3717
3722
.
12.
Mackay
,
R. S.
, and
Liaw
,
C.
(
1981
). “
Dolphin vocalization mechanisms
,”
Science
212
,
676
678
.
13.
Moore
,
P. W.
,
Dankiewicz
,
L. A.
, and
Houser
,
D. S.
(
2008
). “
Beamwidth control and angular target detection in an echolocating bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)
,”
J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
124
,
3324
3332
.
14.
Ridgway
,
S. H.
,
Carder
,
D. A.
,
Green
,
R. F.
,
Gaunt
,
A. S.
,
Gaunt
,
S. L. L.
, and
Evans
,
W. E.
(
1980
). “
Electromyographic and pressure events in the nasopharyngeal system of dolphins during sound production
,” in
Animal Sonar Systems
, edited by
R.
Busnel
and
J.
Fish
(
Plenum
,
New York
), pp.
239
250
.
15.
Schusterman
,
R.
(
1980
). “
Behavioral methodology in echolocation by marine mammals
,” in
Animal Sonar Systems
, edited by
R.
Busnel
and
J.
Fish
(
Plenum
,
New York
), pp.
11
41
.
16.
Starkhammar
,
J.
,
Moore
,
P. W. B.
,
Talmadge
,
L.
, and
Houser
,
D. S.
(
2011
). “
Frequency-dependent variation in the two-dimensional beam pattern of an echolocating dolphin
,”
Biol. Lett.
, doi: .
17.
Thomas
,
J.
,
Pawloski
,
J.
, and
Au
,
W. W. L.
(
1990
). “
Masked hearing abilities of a false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens)
,” in
Sensory Abilities of Cetaceans
, edited by
J.
Thomas
and
R.
Kastelein
(
Plenum
,
New York
), pp.
395
404
.
You do not currently have access to this content.