Pressure distributions for the uniform glottis were obtained with a static physical model (M5). Glottal diameters of d = 0.005, 0.0075, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16, and 0.32 cm were used with a range of phonatory transglottal pressures. At each pressure and diameter, entrance loss and exit coefficients were determined. In general, both coefficients decreased in value as the transglottal pressure or the diameter increased. Entrance loss coefficients ranged from 0.69 to 17.6. Use of these coefficients with the measured flow rates in straightforward equations accurately reproduced the pressure distributions within the glottis and along the inferior vocal fold surface.
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A general equation that gives the entrance loss coefficient kent as a function of transglottal pressure and glottal diameter was derived from the data of Table I. It takes the form , where Ptg is the transglottal pressure, and a and b are functions of diameter D: a = , where c1 = 0.7953, c2 = 1.4741, and c3 = 0.6529; b = d1*(log10(D))*(log10(D)) + d2*(log10(D)) + d3, where d1 = −0.7427, d2 = −1.6209, and d3 = −0.875. The average percent difference between the empirical and predicted kent values was 14% for d > 0.0075 cm, but the errors are considerably larger for d = 0.005 and 0.0075 cm.
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2011
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