Acoustic recordings from Palmyra Atoll, northern Line Islands, central Pacific, showed upsweep frequency modulated pulses reminiscent of those produced by beaked whales. These signals had higher frequencies, broader bandwidths, longer pulse durations and shorter inter-pulse intervals than previously described pulses of Blainville’s, Cuvier’s and Gervais’ beaked whales [Zimmer et al (2005). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117, 3919–3927; Johnson et al (2006). J. Exp. Biol. 209, 5038–5050; Gillespie et al (2009). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 125, 3428–3433]. They were distinctly different temporally and spectrally from the unknown beaked whale at Cross Seamount, HI [McDonald et al (2009). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 125, 624–627]. Genetics on beaked whale specimens found at Palmyra Atoll suggest the presence of a poorly known beaked whale species. Mesoplodon sp. might be the source of the FM pulses described in this paper. The Palmyra Atoll FM pulse peak frequency was at 44 kHz with a −10 dB bandwidth of 26 kHz. Mean pulse duration was and inter-pulse interval was 225 ms, with a bimodal distribution. Buzz sequences were detected with inter-pulse intervals below 20 ms and unmodulated spectra, with about 20 dB lower amplitude than prior FM pulses. These clicks had a 39 kHz bandwidth (−10 dB), peak frequency at 37 kHz, click duration , and inter-click interval between 4 and 10 ms.
REFERENCES
1.
Akamatsu
, T.
, Wang
, D.
, Wang
, K.
, and Naito
, Y.
(2005
). “Biosonar behavior of free-ranging porpoises
,” Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. B
272
, 797
–801
.2.
Au
, W. W. L.
(1993
). The Sonar of Dolphins
(Springer
, New York, NY
).3.
Au
, W. W. L.
, Floyd
, R. W.
, and Haun
, J. E.
(1978
). “Propagation of Atlantic bottlenose dolphin echolocation signals
,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
64
, 411
–422
.4.
Bracewell
, R. N.
(2000
). The Fourier Transform and Its Applications
, 3rd ed. (McGraw-Hill
, New York
).5.
Caldwell
, D. K.
, and Caldwell
, M. C.
(1971
). “Sounds produced by two rare cetaceans stranded in Florida
,” Cetology
4
, 1
–5
.6.
Dalebout
, M. L.
, Baker
, C. S.
, Steel
, D.
, Robertson
, K. M.
, Chivers
, S. J.
, Perrin
, W. F.
, Mead
, J. G.
, Grace
, R. V.
, and Schofield
, T. D.
, Jr. (2007
). “A divergent mtDNA lineage among Mesoplodon beaked whales: Molecular evidence for a new species from the tropical Pacific?
,” Marine Mammal Sci.
23
, 954
–966
.7.
Dalebout
, M. L.
, Mead
, J. G.
, Baker
, C. S.
, Baker
, A. N.
, and Van Helden
, A. L.
(2002
). “A new species of beaked whale Mesoplodon perrini sp. n. (Cetacea: Ziphidae) discovered through phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial DNA sequences
,” Marine Mammal Sci.
18
, 577
–608
.8.
Dawson
, S.
, Barlow
, J.
, and Ljungblad
, D.
(1998
). “Sounds recorded from Baird’s beaked whales, Berardius bairdii
,” Marine Mammal Sci.
14
, 335
–344
.9.
Deraniyagala
, P. E. P.
(1963a
). “A new beaked whale from Ceylon. Government information bulletin
,” Ceylon Today
12
, 13
–14
.10.
Deraniyagala
, P. E. P.
(1963b
). “Mass mortality of the new subspecies of Little Piked Whale Balaenoptera acutorostrarta thalmaha and a new beaked whale Mesoplodon hotaula from Ceylon
,” Spolia Zeylanica
30
, 79
–84
.11.
Frantzis
, A.
(1998
). “Does acoustic testing strand whales?
,” Nature (London)
392
, 29
.12.
Gillespie
, D.
, Dunn
, C.
, Gordon
, J.
, Claridge
, D.
, Embling
, C.
, and Boyd
, I.
(2009
). “Field recordings of Gervais’ beaked whales Mesoplodon europaeus from the Bahamas
,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
125
, 3428
–3433
.13.
Griffin
, D. R.
, Webster
, F. A.
, and Michael
, C. R.
(1960
). “The echolocation of flying insects by bats
,” Anim. Behav.
8
, 141
–154
.14.
Hooker
, S. K.
, and Whitehead
, H.
(2002
). “Click characteristics of northern bottlenose whales (Hyperoodon ampullatus)
,” Marine Mammal Sci.
18
, 69
–80
.15.
Huang
, X.
, Acero
, A.
, and Hon
, H. W.
(2001
). Spoken Language Processing
(Prentice-Hall
, Upper Saddle River, NJ
).16.
Jefferson
, T. A.
, Webber
, M. A.
, and Pitman
, R. L.
(2008
). Marine Mammals of the World—A Comprehensive Guide to Their Identification
(Elsevier
, London
).17.
Jepson
, P. D.
, Arbelo
, M.
, Deaville
, R.
, Patterson
, I. A. P.
, Castro
, P.
, Baker
, J. R.
, Degollada
, E.
, Ross
, H. M.
, Herráez
, P.
, Pocknell
, A. M.
, Rodríguez
, F.
, Howie
, F. E.
, Espinosa
, A.
, Reid
, R. J.
, Jaber
, J. R.
, Martin
, V.
, Cunningham
, A. A.
, and Fernández
, A.
(2003
). “Gas-bubble lesions in stranded cetaceans
,” Nature (London)
425
, 575
–576
.18.
Johnson
, M.
, Hickmott
, L. S.
, Aguilar de Soto
, N.
, and Madsen
, P. T.
(2008
). “Echolocation behavior adapted to prey in foraging Blainville’s beaked whale (Mesoplodon densirostris)
,” Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. B
275
, 133
–139
.19.
Johnson
, M.
, Madsen
, P. T.
, Zimmer
, W. M. X.
, Aguilar de Soto
, N.
, and Tyack
, P. L.
(2004
). “Beaked whales echolocate on prey
,” Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. B
271
, S383
–S386
.20.
Johnson
, M.
, Madsen
, P. T.
, Zimmer
, W. M. X.
, Aguilar de Soto
, N.
, and Tyack
, P. L.
(2006
). “Foraging Blainville’s beaked whales (Mesoplodon densirostris) produce distinct click types matched to different phases of echolocation
,” J. Exp. Biol.
209
, 5038
–5050
.21.
Johnson
, M. P.
, and Tyack
, P. L.
(2003
). “A digital acoustic recording tag for measuring the response of wild marine mammals to sound
,” IEEE J. Ocean. Eng.
28
, 3
–12
.22.
Johnston
, D. W.
, McDonald
, M.
, Polovina
, J.
, Domokos
, R.
, Wiggins
, S.
, and Hildebrand
, J.
(2008
). “Temporal patterns in the acoustic signals of beaked whales at Cross Seamount
,” Biol. Lett.
4
, 208
–211
.23.
Jones
, B. A.
, Stanton
, T. K.
, Lavery
, A. C.
, Johnson
, M. P.
, Tyack
, P.
, and Madsen
, P. T.
(2008
). “Classification of broadband echoes from prey of a foraging Blainville’s beaked whale
,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
123
, 1753
–1762
.24.
Kaiser
, J. F.
(1990
). “On a simple algorithm to calculate the ‘energy’ of a signal
,” Proceedings of the IEEE ICASSP
, Albuquerque, NM, pp. 381
–384
.25.
Kalko
, E. K. V.
, and Schnitzler
, H. -U.
(1989
). “The echolocation and hunting behavior of Daubenton’s bat, Myotis daubentoni
,” Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.
24
, 225
–238
.26.
Kandia
, V.
, and Stylianou
, Y.
(2006
). “Detection of sperm whale clicks based on the Teager-Kaiser energy operator
,” Appl. Acoust.
67
, 1144
–1163
.27.
Kastelein
, R.
, Schooneman
, N. M.
, Au
, W. W. L.
, Verboom
, W. C.
, and Vaughan
, N.
(1997
). “The ability of a harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) to discriminate between objects buried in sand
,” in The Biology of the Harbour Porpoise
, edited by A. J.
Read
, P. R.
Wiepkema
, and P. E.
Nachtigall
(De Spil
, Woerden
), pp. 329
–342
.28.
Kastelein
, R. A.
, Au
, W. W. L.
, Rippe
, H. T.
, and Schooneman
, N. M.
(1999
). “Target detection by an echolocating harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena)
,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
105
, 2493
–2498
.29.
Lammers
, M. O.
, and Castellote
, M.
(2009
). “The beluga whale produces two pulses to form its sonar signal
,” Biol. Lett.
5
, 297
–301
.30.
Lammers
, M. O.
, Schotten
, M.
, and Au
, W. W. L.
(2006
). “The spatial context of free-ranging Hawaiian spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris) producing acoustic signals
,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
119
, 1244
–1250
.31.
Lynn
, S. K.
, and Reiss
, D. L.
(1992
). “Pulse sequence and whistle production by two captive beaked whales Mesoplodon species
,” Marine Mammal Sci.
8
, 299
–305
.32.
MacLeod
, C. D.
, Perrin
, W. F.
, Pitman
, R. L.
, Barlow
, J.
, Ballance
, L.
, D’Amico
, A.
, Gerrodette
, T.
, Joyce
, G.
, Mullin
, K. D.
, Palka
, D. L.
, and Waring
, G. T.
(2006
). “Known and inferred distributions of beaked whale species (Cetacea: Ziphiidae)
,” J. Cetacean Res. Manage
7
, 271
–286
.33.
Madsen
, P. T.
, Johnson
, M.
, Aguilar de Soto
, N.
, Zimmer
, W. M. X.
, and Tyack
, P. L.
(2005
). “Biosonar performance of foraging beaked whales (Mesoplodon densirostris)
,” J. Exp. Biol.
208
, 181
–194
.34.
Madsen
, P. T.
, Payne
, R.
, Kristiansen
, N. U.
, Wahlberg
, M.
, Kerr
, I.
, and Møhl
, B.
(2002
). “Sperm whale sound production studied with ultrasound time/depth-recording tags
,” J. Exp. Biol.
205
, 1899
–1906
.35.
McDonald
, M. A.
, Hildebrand
, J. A.
, Wiggins
, S. M.
, Johnston
, D. W.
, and Polovina
, J. J.
(2009
). “An acoustic survey of beaked whales at Cross Seamount near Hawaii
,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
125
, 624
–627
.36.
Melcón
, M. L.
, Denzinger
, A.
, and Schnitzler
, H. -U.
(2007
). “Aerial hawking and landing: Approach behavior in Natterer’s bats, Myotis nattereri (Kuhl 1818)
,” J. Exp. Biol.
210
, 4457
–4464
.37.
Miller
, L. A.
, Pristed
, J.
, Møhl
, B.
, and Surlykke
, A.
(1995
). “The click-sounds of narwhals (Monodon monoceros) in Inglefield Bay, Northwest Greenland
,” Marine Mammal Sci.
11
, 491
–502
.38.
Miller
, L. A.
, and Surlykke
, A.
(2001
). “How some insects detect and avoid being eaten by bats: Tactics and countertactics of prey and predator
,” Bioscience
51
, 570
–581
.39.
Miller
, P. J. O.
, Johnson
, M. P.
, and Tyack
, P. L.
(2004
). “Sperm whale behavior indicates the use of echolocation click buzzes ‘creaks’ in prey capture
,” Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. B
271
, 2239
–2247
.40.
Moore
, J. C.
, and Gilmore
, R. M.
(1965
). “A beaked whale new to the western hemisphere
,” Nature (London)
205
, 1239
–1240
.41.
Pitman
, R. L.
(2008
). “Mesoplodont whales (Mesoplodon spp.)
,” in Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals
, 2nd ed., edited by W. F.
Perrin
, B.
Würsig
, and J. G. M.
Thewissen
(Academic
, San Diego, CA
), pp. 721
–726
.42.
Rankin
, S.
, and Barlow
, J.
(2007
). “Sounds recorded in the presence of Blainville’s beaked whales, Mesoplodon densirostris, near Hawaii
,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
122
, 42
–45
.43.
Reyes
, J. C.
, Mead
, J. G.
, and Van Waerebeek
, K.
(1991
). “A new species of beaked whale Mesoplodon peruvianus sp. n. (Cetacea: Ziphiidae) from Peru
,” Marine Mammal Sci.
7
, 1
–24
.44.
Richardson
, W. J.
, Greene
, C. R.
, Jr., Malme
, C. I.
, and Thomson
, D. H.
(1995
). Marine Mammals and Noise
(Academic
, San Diego, CA
).45.
Rogers
, T.
, and Brown
, S.
(1999
). “Acoustic observations of Arnoux’s beaked whale (Berardius arnuxii) off Kemp Land, Antarctica
,” Marine Mammal Sci.
15
, 192
–198
.46.
Schnitzler
, H. -U.
, and Kalko
, E. K. V.
(1998
). “How echolocating bats search and find food
,” in Bat Biology and Conservation
, edited by T. H.
Kunz
and P. A.
Racey
(Smithsonian Institution Press
, Washington, DC
), pp. 183
–196
.47.
Schnitzler
, H. -U.
, Moss
, C. F.
, and Denzinger
, A.
(2003
). “From spatial orientation to food acquisition in echolocating bats
,” Trends Ecol. Evol.
18
, 386
–394
.48.
Simmonds
, M. P.
, and Lopez-Jurado
, L. F.
(1991
). “Whales and the military
,” Nature (London)
351
, 448
.49.
Soldevilla
, M. S.
, Henderson
, E. E.
, Campbell
, G. S.
, Wiggins
, S. M.
, Hildebrand
, J. A.
, and Roch
, M. A.
(2008
). “Classification of Risso’s and Pacific white-sided dolphins using spectral properties of echolocation clicks
,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
124
, 609
–624
.50.
Surlykke
, A.
, Miller
, L. A.
, Møhl
, B.
, Andersen
, B. B.
, Christensen-Dalsgaard
, J.
, and Jorgensen
, M. B.
(1993
). “Echolocation in two very small bats from Thailand: Craseonycteris thonglongyai and Myotis siligorensis
,” Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.
33
, 1
–12
.51.
Tyack
, P. L.
, Johnson
, M.
, Aguilar de Soto
, N.
, Sturlese
, A.
, and Madsen
, P. T.
(2006
). “Extreme diving of beaked whales
,” J. Exp. Biol.
209
, 4238
–4253
.52.
53.
Verfuß
, U. K.
, Miller
, L. A.
, Pilz
, P. K. D.
, and Schnitzler
, H. -U.
(2009
). “Echolocation by two foraging harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena)
,” J. Exp. Biol.
212
, 823
–834
.54.
Verfuß
, U. K.
, Miller
, L. A.
, and Schnitzler
, H. -U.
(2005
). “Spatial orientation in echolocating harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena)
,” J. Exp. Biol.
208
, 3385
–3394
.55.
Wiggins
, S. M.
, and Hildebrand
, J. A.
(2007
). “High-frequency acoustic recording package (HARP) for broad-band, long-term marine mammal monitoring
,” in International Symposium on Underwater Technology 2007 and International Workshop on Scientific Use of Submarine Cables and Related Technologies 2007
(IEEE
, Tokyo, Japan
), pp. 551
–557
.56.
Zimmer
, W. M. X.
, Johnson
, M.
, Madsen
, P. T.
, and Tyack
, P. L.
(2005
). “Echolocation clicks of free-ranging Cuvier’s beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris)
,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
117
, 3919
–3927
.© 2010 Acoustical Society of America.
2010
Acoustical Society of America
You do not currently have access to this content.