Comparison of the properties of tonpilz transducers fabricated with $⟨001⟩$ fiber-textured lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate ceramic and single crystals Available to Purchase

Tonpilz transducers are fabricated from $⟨001⟩$ fiber-textured $0.72Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.28PbTiO3$ (PMN-28PT) ceramics, obtained by the templated grain growth process, and PMN-28PT ceramic and Bridgman grown single crystals of the same composition. In-water characterization of single element transducers shows higher source levels, higher in-water coupling, and more usable bandwidth for the 81 vol % textured PMN-28PT device than for the ceramic PMN-28PT element. The 81 vol % textured PMN-28PT tonpilz element measured under large signals shows linearity in sound pressure levels up to 0.23 MV/m drive field but undergoes a phase transition due to a lowered transition temperature from the $SrTiO3$ template particles. Although the textured ceramic performs well in this application, it could be further improved with compositional tailoring to raise the transition temperature and better processing to improve the texture quality. With these improvements textured piezoelectric ceramics will be viable options for medical ultrasound, actuators, and sonar applications because of their ease of processing, compositional homogeneity, and potentially lower cost than single crystal.