Relation of acoustical parameters with and without audiences in concert halls and a simple method for simulating the occupied state

Five acoustical parameters—reverberation time RT, early decay time EDT, clarity $C80,$ strength $G,$ and interaural cross-correlation coefficient IACC—were measured using identical procedures with and without audiences in six concert and opera halls. Reverberation times without audiences were measured in 15 additional halls using the same measuring techniques as for the six halls above, but for full occupancy the data were taken from musical stop chords at symphonic concerts. This paper shows that in all halls (1) the occupied RT can be predicted from the unoccupied RT using a linear regression equation, $y=a−b exp(x),$ within acceptable limits, at low- and mid-frequencies. It is also shown for the six halls that (2) occupied $C80’s$ are predicted accurately from unoccupied values by the newly proposed equation; (3) $G’s$ with and without audiences are highly correlated by a first degree linear regression equation; and (4) IACCs have nearly the same value in both occupied and unoccupied halls. As a separate subject, the successful use of a cloth covering for seats in a concert or opera hall to simulate the occupied condition has been developed.