Validated and accurate edge profiles (temperature, density, etc.) are vitally important to the Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak Upgrade (MAST-U) divertor and confinement effort. Density profile reflectometry has the potential to significantly add to the measurement capabilities currently available on MAST-U (e.g., Thomson scattering and Langmuir probes). This work presents the diagnostic requirements, problems, and solutions facing profile reflectometry in spherical tokamaks and MAST-U in particular. Requirements include density measurements near zero electron density in the scrape off layer region, coverage for a broad range of MAST-U plasma parameters, high time (≤10 microseconds) and spatial resolutions (≤1 cm), reliability, and identification of the plasma start frequency.
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August 2024
Research Article|
August 14 2024
Design of a low frequency, density profile reflectometer system for the MAST-U spherical tokamak Available to Purchase
T. L. Rhodes
;
T. L. Rhodes
a)
(Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing)
1
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California
, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: [email protected]
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W. A. Peebles
;
W. A. Peebles
(Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing)
1
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California
, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Lei Zeng
;
Lei Zeng
(Data curation, Software, Writing – original draft)
1
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California
, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Valerian Hall-Chen
;
Valerian Hall-Chen
(Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft)
2
Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
, Singapore
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Kevin Ronald;
Kevin Ronald
(Conceptualization)
3
Strathclyde University
, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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S. Kubota
;
S. Kubota
(Conceptualization)
1
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California
, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Yusong Meng
;
Yusong Meng
(Conceptualization)
4
NMC, A*STAR
, Singapore
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R. Lantsov;
R. Lantsov
(Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Visualization)
1
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California
, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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C. M. Michael
;
C. M. Michael
(Conceptualization, Resources)
1
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California
, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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N. A. Crocker
;
N. A. Crocker
(Conceptualization)
1
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California
, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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R. Scannell
R. Scannell
(Conceptualization)
5
Culham Centre for Fusion Energy, UKAEA
, Culham, United Kingdom
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T. L. Rhodes
1,a)
W. A. Peebles
1
Lei Zeng
1
Valerian Hall-Chen
2
Kevin Ronald
3
S. Kubota
1
Yusong Meng
4
R. Lantsov
1
C. M. Michael
1
N. A. Crocker
1
R. Scannell
5
1
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California
, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
2
Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
, Singapore
3
Strathclyde University
, Glasgow, United Kingdom
4
NMC, A*STAR
, Singapore
5
Culham Centre for Fusion Energy, UKAEA
, Culham, United Kingdom
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: [email protected]
Rev. Sci. Instrum. 95, 083528 (2024)
Article history
Received:
May 17 2024
Accepted:
July 24 2024
Citation
T. L. Rhodes, W. A. Peebles, Lei Zeng, Valerian Hall-Chen, Kevin Ronald, S. Kubota, Yusong Meng, R. Lantsov, C. M. Michael, N. A. Crocker, R. Scannell; Design of a low frequency, density profile reflectometer system for the MAST-U spherical tokamak. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1 August 2024; 95 (8): 083528. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0219578
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