Viscosity is a fundamental physical property of lava that dictates style and rate of effusive transport. Studies of lava viscosity have predominantly focused on measuring re-melted rocks in the laboratory. While these measurements are well-constrained in temperature, shear rate, and oxygen fugacity, they cannot reproduce the complexities of the natural emplacement environment. Field viscosity measurements of active lava are the only way to fully capture lava’s properties, but such measurements are scarce, largely due to a lack of easy-to-use, portable, and accurate measurement devices. Thus, there is a need for developing suitable field instruments to help bolster the understanding of lava. Here, we present a new penetrometer capable of measuring a material’s viscosity under the harsh conditions of natural lava emplacement. This device uses a stainless-steel tube with a semi-spherical tip fixed to a load cell that records axial force when pushed into a material, while simultaneously measuring the penetration depth via a free-moving tube that is pushed backward along the penetration tube. The device is portable (1.5 m long, 5.5 kg in weight) and uses a single-board computer for data acquisition. The penetrometer has an operational range from 2.5 × 102 to 2.1 × 105 Pa s and was calibrated for viscosities ranging from 5.0 × 102 to 1.6 × 105 Pa s. It was deployed to the 2023 Litli-Hrútur eruption in Iceland. These field measurements successfully recorded the in situ viscosities of the lava in the range of 1.2 × 104–3.4 × 104 Pa s, showcasing it as an efficient method of measuring natural lava viscosity.
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June 2024
Research Article|
June 04 2024
A new portable penetrometer for measuring the viscosity of active lava
M. A. Harris
;
M. A. Harris
a)
(Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Writing – original draft)
1
Department of Geology, University at Buffalo
, 126 Cooke Hall, Buffalo, New York 14260-4130, USA
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: martin.a.harris95@gmail.com
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S. Kolzenburg
;
S. Kolzenburg
(Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft)
1
Department of Geology, University at Buffalo
, 126 Cooke Hall, Buffalo, New York 14260-4130, USA
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I. Sonder
;
I. Sonder
(Methodology, Software, Writing – original draft)
1
Department of Geology, University at Buffalo
, 126 Cooke Hall, Buffalo, New York 14260-4130, USA
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M. O. Chevrel
M. O. Chevrel
(Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft)
1
Department of Geology, University at Buffalo
, 126 Cooke Hall, Buffalo, New York 14260-4130, USA
2
Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, CNRS, IRD, OPGC, Université Clermont Auvergne
, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
3
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Cité
, 75005 Paris, France
4
Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
, 97418 La Plaine des Cafres, France
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a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: martin.a.harris95@gmail.com
Rev. Sci. Instrum. 95, 065103 (2024)
Article history
Received:
March 04 2024
Accepted:
April 23 2024
Citation
M. A. Harris, S. Kolzenburg, I. Sonder, M. O. Chevrel; A new portable penetrometer for measuring the viscosity of active lava. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1 June 2024; 95 (6): 065103. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0206776
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