Spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (“spin-ARPES”) is a powerful technique for probing the spin degree-of-freedom in materials with nontrivial topology, magnetism, and strong correlations. Spin-ARPES faces severe experimental challenges compared to conventional ARPES attributed to the dramatically lower efficiency of its detection mechanism, making it crucial for instrumentation developments that improve the overall performance of the technique. In this paper, we demonstrate the functionality of our spin-ARPES setup based on time-of-flight spectroscopy and introduce our recent development of an electrostatic deflector mode to map out spin-resolved band structures without sample rotation. We demonstrate the functionality by presenting the spin-resolved spectra of the topological insulator Bi2Te3 and describe in detail the spectrum calibrations based on numerical simulations. By implementing the deflector mode, we minimize the need for sample rotation during measurements, hence improving the overall efficiency of experiments on small or inhomogeneous samples.
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October 2023
Research Article|
October 18 2023
Development of deflector mode for spin-resolved time-of-flight photoemission spectroscopy
Xue Han
;
Xue Han
(Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing)
1
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences
, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
2
Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Department of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University
, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Jason Qu
;
Jason Qu
(Methodology)
1
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences
, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
2
Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Department of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University
, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Shoya Sakamoto
;
Shoya Sakamoto
(Methodology, Writing – review & editing)
1
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences
, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
3
The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo
, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
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Dongyu Liu;
Dongyu Liu
(Formal analysis, Methodology)
1
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences
, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
2
Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Department of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University
, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Dandan Guan
;
Dandan Guan
(Resources)
1
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences
, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
4
Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
, Shanghai 200240, China
5
Tsung-Dao Lee Institute
, Shanghai 200240, China
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Jin Liu;
Jin Liu
(Resources)
6
College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University
, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Hui Li;
Hui Li
(Resources)
6
College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University
, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Costel R. Rotundu
;
Costel R. Rotundu
(Resources)
1
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences
, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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Nord Andresen;
Nord Andresen
(Conceptualization, Methodology)
7
Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Chris Jozwiak
;
Chris Jozwiak
(Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing)
7
Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Zahid Hussain
;
Zahid Hussain
(Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Writing – review & editing)
8
Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Zhi-Xun Shen;
Zhi-Xun Shen
a)
(Funding acquisition, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing)
1
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences
, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
2
Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Department of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University
, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Jonathan A. Sobota
Jonathan A. Sobota
b)
(Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing)
1
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences
, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
b)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: [email protected]
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Xue Han
1,2
Jason Qu
1,2
Shoya Sakamoto
1,3
Dongyu Liu
1,2
Dandan Guan
1,4,5
Jin Liu
6
Hui Li
6
Costel R. Rotundu
1
Nord Andresen
7
Chris Jozwiak
7
Zahid Hussain
8
Zhi-Xun Shen
1,2,a)
Jonathan A. Sobota
1,b)
1
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences
, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
2
Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Department of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University
, Stanford, California 94305, USA
3
The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo
, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
4
Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
, Shanghai 200240, China
5
Tsung-Dao Lee Institute
, Shanghai 200240, China
6
College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University
, Shenzhen 518060, China
7
Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
8
Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
b)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: [email protected]
a)
Electronic mail: [email protected]
Rev. Sci. Instrum. 94, 103906 (2023)
Article history
Received:
July 18 2023
Accepted:
October 03 2023
Citation
Xue Han, Jason Qu, Shoya Sakamoto, Dongyu Liu, Dandan Guan, Jin Liu, Hui Li, Costel R. Rotundu, Nord Andresen, Chris Jozwiak, Zahid Hussain, Zhi-Xun Shen, Jonathan A. Sobota; Development of deflector mode for spin-resolved time-of-flight photoemission spectroscopy. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1 October 2023; 94 (10): 103906. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0168447
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