Design of amplifier circuits with low-noise operable at low-power to be used, especially for implantable neural interfaces, remains a huge challenge. This research paper presents the design of a low-noise low-voltage neural recording amplifier suitable for amplifying local field potentials and extracellular action potentials so as to meet the end requirement of an implantable neuro-medical system. Critical performance parameters of the smaller circuit blocks of the complete neural amplifier architecture have been found with the help of detailed mathematical analysis and then verified by the simulations conducted using 0.18 µm 4M1P foundry Semi-conductor Laboratory N-well process. The neural amplifier design proposed in this paper passes neural signal of interest with a mid-band gain of 49.9 dB over a bandwidth of 5.3 Hz–8.6 kHz, draws only 11.5 µW of power from ±0.9 V supply voltage, and exhibits an input-referred noise of 2.6 µVrms with a noise efficiency factor of 2.27. The area consumed by the proposed neural amplifier architecture is 0.192 mm2. The complete circuit design carried out in this paper should prove to be useful in equipment for the diagnosis of neurological disorders.
REFERENCES
1.
A.
Bagheri
, M. T.
Salam
, J. L. P.
Velazquez
, and R.
Genov
, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.
11
(1
), 161
–176
(2016
).2.
J.
Oreggioni
, A. A.
Caputi
, and F.
Silveira
, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.
12
(3
), 689
–699
(2018
).3.
M.
Rezaei
, E.
Maghsoudloo
, C.
Bories
, Y.
De Koninck
, and B.
Gosselin
, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.
12
(2
), 271
–280
(2018
).4.
M.
Parastarfeizabadi
and A. Z.
Kouzani
, IEEE Sens. J.
17
(10
), 3109
–3115
(2017
).5.
S.
Ha
, A.
Akinin
, J.
Park
, C.
Kim
, H.
Wang
, C.
Maier
, P. P.
Mercier
, and G.
Cauwenberghs
, Proc. IEEE
105
(1
), 11
–33
(2016
).6.
T.
Yang
and J.
Holleman
, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II
62
(10
), 927
–931
(2015
).7.
M. G.
Jomehei
and S.
Sheikhaei
, Microelectron. J.
83
, 197
–211
(2019
).8.
K. A.
Ng
and Y. P.
Xu
, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits
51
(3
), 724
–737
(2016
).9.
L.
Tran
and H.-K.
Cha
, Microelectron. J.
107
, 104950
(2021
).10.
L.
Zhu
, Z.
Zhou
, C.
Zhang
, Q.
Meng
, and Z. g.
Wang
, Electron. Lett.
57
, 906
(2021
).11.
D.
Thakur
, K.
Sharma
, S.
Kapila
, and R.
Sharma
, J. Micromech. Microeng.
31
(12
), 124005
(2021
).12.
P.
Yeon
, M. S.
Bakir
, and M.
Ghovanloo
, paper presented at the 2018 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC)
, 2018
.13.
N.
Verma
, A.
Shoeb
, J.
Bohorquez
, J.
Dawson
, J.
Guttag
, and A. P.
Chandrakasan
, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits
45
(4
), 804
–816
(2010
).14.
C. M.
Lopez
, J.
Putzeys
, B. C.
Raducanu
, M.
Ballini
, S.
Wang
, A.
Andrei
, V.
Rochus
, R.
Vandebriel
, S.
Severi
, C.
Van Hoof
, S.
Musa
, N.
Van Helleputte
, R. F.
Yazicioglu
, and S.
Mitra
, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.
11
(3
), 510
–522
(2017
).15.
A.
Zhou
, S. R.
Santacruz
, B. C.
Johnson
, G.
Alexandrov
, A.
Moin
, F. L.
Burghardt
, J. M.
Rabaey
, J. M.
Carmena
, and R.
Muller
, Nat. Biomed. Eng.
3
(1
), 15
–26
(2019
).16.
K. M.
Al-Ashmouny
, S.-I.
Chang
, and E.
Yoon
, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.
6
(5
), 403
–413
(2012
).17.
F.
Shahrokhi
, K.
Abdelhalim
, D.
Serletis
, P. L.
Carlen
, and R.
Genov
, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.
4
(3
), 149
–161
(2010
).18.
V.
Chaturvedi
and B.
Amrutur
, IEEE J. Emerging Sel. Top. Circuits Syst.
1
(4
), 536
–545
(2011
).19.
H.
Chandrakumar
and D.
Marković
, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits
52
(3
), 645
–656
(2017
).20.
J.
Holleman
, paper presented at the 2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)
, 2016
.21.
K.
Sharma
and R.
Sharma
, Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express
5
(4
), 042001
(2019
).22.
W. M.
Reichert
, Indwelling Neural Implants: Strategies for Contending with the In Vivo Environment
(CRC Press
, 2007
).23.
E.
Bharucha
, H.
Sepehrian
, and B.
Gosselin
, J. Low Power Electron. Appl.
4
(4
), 268
–291
(2014
).24.
T. M.
Seese
, H.
Harasaki
, G. M.
Saidel
, and C. R.
Davies
, Lab. Invest.
78
(12
), 1553
–1562
(1998
).25.
J. C.
Lin
, IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag.
48
(1
), 157
–159
(2006
).26.
Y.-C.
Huang
, P.-T.
Huang
, S.-L.
Wu
, Y.-C.
Hu
, Y.-H.
You
, J.-M.
Chen
, Y.-Y.
Huang
, H.-C.
Chang
, Y.-H.
Lin
, J.-R.
Duann
, T.-W.
Chiu
, W.
Hwang
, K.-N.
Chen
, C.-T.
Chuang
, and J.-C.
Chiou
, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.
11
(5
), 1013
–1025
(2017
).27.
W.
Wattanapanitch
, M.
Fee
, and R.
Sarpeshkar
, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.
1
(2
), 136
–147
(2007
).28.
A.
Omidvar
and M.
Shaterian
, Microelectron. J.
95
, 104654
(2020
).29.
F.
Yuan
and Z.
Wang
, Microelectron. J.
96
, 104686
(2020
).30.
L.
Lyu
, Y.
Wang
, C.
Chen
, and C.-J.
Richard Shi
, Integration
70
, 51
–59
(2020
).31.
32.
P.
Sharma
, K.
Sharma
, H. S.
Jatana
, J.
Madan
, R.
Pandey
, and R.
Sharma
, Analog Integr. Circuits Signal Process.
103
(2
), 303
–313
(2020
).33.
M.
Kumngern
and F.
Khateb
, IET Circuits, Devices Syst.
10
(1
), 78
–86
(2016
).34.
K.
Sharma
, A.
Pathania
, R.
Pandey
, J.
Madan
, and R.
Sharma
, Integration
76
, 25
–39
(2021
).35.
A.
Tajalli
and Y.
Leblebici
, Extreme Low-Power Mixed Signal IC Design: Subthreshold Source-Coupled Circuits
(Springer Science & Business Media
, 2010
).36.
Z.
Alsibai
, Int. J. Inf. Electron. Eng.
3
(4
), 361
(2013
).37.
F.
Khateb
, T.
Kulej
, H.
Veldandi
, and W.
Jaikla
, AEU-Int. J. Electron. Commun.
100
, 32
–38
(2019
).38.
S. S.
Rajput
and S. S.
Jamuar
, IEEE Circuits Syst. Mag.
2
(1
), 24
–42
(2002
).39.
C.
Galup-Montoro
, M. C.
Schneider
, and I. J. B.
Loss
, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits
29
(9
), 1094
–1101
(1994
).40.
M. T.
Sanz
, S.
Celma
, B.
Calvo
, and D.
Flandre
, IEE Proc., Circuits Devices Syst.
153
(5
), 461
–465
(2006
).41.
G.
Raikos
and S.
Vlassis
, Int. J. Circuit Theory Appl.
39
(3
), 327
–339
(2011
).42.
A.
Torralba
, C.
Luján-Martínez
, R. G.
Carvajal
, J.
Galan
, M.
Pennisi
, J.
Ramirez-Angulo
, and A.
Lopez-Martin
, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II
56
(1
), 41
–45
(2009
).43.
E.
Ozalevli
and P. E.
Hasler
, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I
55
(4
), 999
–1010
(2008
).44.
M.
Bikumandla
, J.
Ramírez-Angulo
, C.
Urquidi
, R. G.
Carvajal
, and A. J.
Lopez-Martin
, IEICE Electron. Express
1
(12
), 339
–345
(2004
).45.
E. M.
Camacho-Galeano
, C.
Galup-Montoro
, and M. C.
Schneider
, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II
52
(2
), 61
–65
(2005
).46.
R.
Harrison
, P.
Watkins
, R.
Kier
, R.
Lovejoy
, D.
Black
, R.
Normann
, and F.
Solzbacher
, paper presented at the 2006 IEEE International Solid State Circuits Conference-Digest of Technical Papers
, 2006
.47.
R. R.
Harrison
, Proc. IEEE
96
(7
), 1203
–1216
(2008
).48.
S.
Dwivedi
and A. K.
Gogoi
, J. Med. Bioeng.
4
(3
), 227
(2015
).49.
50.
K.
Sharma
, R. K.
Tripathi
, H.
Jatana
, R.
Pandey
, J.
Madan
, P.
Sharma
, and R.
Sharma
, paper presented at the 2020 IEEE VLSI Device Circuit and System (VLSI DCS)
, 2020
.51.
J.
Basu
, IETE J. Educ.
60
(2
), 51
–64
(2019
).52.
R. R.
Harrison
and C.
Charles
, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits
38
(6
), 958
–965
(2003
).53.
C. C.
Enz
, F.
Krummenacher
, and E. A.
Vittoz
, Analog Integr Circuits Signal Process.
8
(1
), 83
–114
(1995
).54.
S.-I.
Chang
, S.-Y.
Park
, and E.
Yoon
, IEEE Sens. J.
17
(15
), 4843
–4852
(2017
).55.
R.
Saini
, K.
Sharma
, and R.
Sharma
, J. Circuits, Syst. Comput.
31
, 2250099
(2021
).56.
K.
Sharma
and R.
Sharma
, Rev. Sci. Instrum.
92
(3
), 034717
(2021
).57.
S.
Wang
, C. M.
Lopez
, M.
Ballini
, and N.
Van Helleputte
, Electron. Lett.
54
(5
), 270
–272
(2018
).58.
H.
Rezaee-Dehsorkh
, N.
Ravanshad
, R.
Lotfi
, K.
Mafinezhad
, and A. M.
Sodagar
, IEEE J. Emerging. Sel. Top. Circuits Syst.
1
(4
), 546
–556
(2011
).59.
D.
Palomeque-Mangut
, J. L.
Ausín
, F.
Duque-Carrillo
, and G.
Torelli
, paper presented at the 2017 European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design (ECCTD)
, 2017
.60.
K.
Sharma
, A.
Pathania
, J.
Madan
, R.
Pandey
, and R.
Sharma
, Circuit World
(2021
); , In press
.61.
K.
Sharma
and R.
Sharma
, paper presented at the TENCON 2017-2017 IEEE Region 10 Conference
, 2017
.62.
K.
Sharma
, S. S.
Jamuar
, and R.
Sharma
, Rev. Sci. Instrum.
91
(6
), 066102
(2020
).63.
E.
Hourdakis
, M.
Koutsoureli
, G.
Papaioannou
, and A. G.
Nassiopoulou
, J. Appl. Phys.
123
(21
), 215301
(2018
).64.
M.
Popovici
, J.
Swerts
, A.
Redolfi
, B.
Kaczer
, M.
Aoulaiche
, I.
Radu
, S.
Clima
, J.-L.
Everaert
, S.
Van Elshocht
, and M.
Jurczak
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
104
(8
), 082908
(2014
).65.
J.-P.
Manceau
, S.
Bruyere
, S.
Jeannot
, A.
Sylvestre
, and P.
Gonon
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
91
(13
), 132907
(2007
).66.
M. C.
Schoenecker
and B. H.
Bonham
, paper presented at the 2008 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference
, 2008
.67.
T.
McConaghy
, K.
Breen
, J.
Dyck
, and A.
Gupta
, in Variation-Aware Design of Custom Integrated Circuits: A Hands-on Field Guide
(Springer Science & Business Media
, 2012
), Chap. 4.68.
N.
Laskar
, K.
Guha
, S.
Nath
, S.
Chanda
, K.
Baishnab
, P.
Paul
, and K.
Rao
, Microsyst. Technol.
27
, 585
–599
(2021
).© 2022 Author(s). Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.
2022
Author(s)
You do not currently have access to this content.
