We report a technique of proton deflectometry that uses a grid and an in situ reference x-ray grid image for precise measurements of magnetic fields in high-energy-density plasmas. A D3He fusion implosion provides a bright point source of both protons and x-rays, which is split into beamlets by a grid. The protons undergo deflections as they propagate through the plasma region of interest, whereas the x-rays travel along straight lines. The x-ray image, therefore, provides a zero-deflection reference image. The line-integrated magnetic fields are inferred from the shifts of beamlets between the deflected (proton) and reference (x-ray) images. We developed a system for analysis of these data, including automatic algorithms to find beamlet locations and to calculate their deflections from the reference image. The technique is verified in an experiment performed at OMEGA to measure a nonuniform magnetic field in vacuum and then applied to observe the interaction of an expanding plasma plume with the magnetic field.
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February 2022
Research Article|
February 02 2022
Proton deflectometry with in situ x-ray reference for absolute measurement of electromagnetic fields in high-energy-density plasmas
C. L. Johnson
;
C. L. Johnson
a)
1
Rowan University
, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, USA
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S. Malko
;
S. Malko
2
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory
, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
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W. Fox
;
W. Fox
b)
2
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory
, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
3
Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University
, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
b)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: [email protected]
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D. B. Schaeffer
;
D. B. Schaeffer
3
Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University
, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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G. Fiksel
;
G. Fiksel
4
Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan
, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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P. J. Adrian
;
P. J. Adrian
5
Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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G. D. Sutcliffe
;
G. D. Sutcliffe
5
Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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A. Birkel
A. Birkel
5
Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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a)
Present address: Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. Electronic mail: [email protected]
b)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: [email protected]
Rev. Sci. Instrum. 93, 023502 (2022)
Article history
Received:
July 21 2021
Accepted:
January 03 2022
Citation
C. L. Johnson, S. Malko, W. Fox, D. B. Schaeffer, G. Fiksel, P. J. Adrian, G. D. Sutcliffe, A. Birkel; Proton deflectometry with in situ x-ray reference for absolute measurement of electromagnetic fields in high-energy-density plasmas. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1 February 2022; 93 (2): 023502. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0064263
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