We describe a torsion pendulum with a large mass-quadrupole moment and a resonant frequency of 2.8 mHz, whose angle is measured using a Michelson interferometer. The system achieved noise levels of between 0.2 and 30 Hz and above 100 Hz. Such a system can be applied to a broad range of fields from the study of rotational seismic motion and elastogravity signals to gravitational wave observation and tests of gravity.
REFERENCES
1.
Charles Augustin Coulomb. Recherches théoriques et expérimentales sur la force de torsion: sur l’élasticité des fils de métal: Application de cette théorie à l’emploi des métaux dans les arts dans différentes expériences de physique: construction de différentes balances de torsion, pour mesurer les plus petits degrés de force: observations sur les loix de l’élasticité de la coherence, 1784.
2.
H.
Cavendish
, “Experiments to determine the density of the Earth
,” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London
88
, 469
–526
(1798
).3.
R. v.
Eötvös
, D.
Pekár
, and E.
Fekete
, “Beiträge zum gesetze der proportionalität von trägheit und gravität
,” Ann. Phys.
373
(9
), 11
–66
(1922
).4.
Q.
Li
, C.
Xue
, J.-P.
Liu
, J.-F.
Wu
, S.-Q.
Yang
, C.-G.
Shao
, L.-D.
Quan
, W.-H.
Tan
, L.-C.
Tu
, Q.
Liu
et al., “Measurements of the gravitational constant using two independent methods
,” Nature
560
(7720
), 582
–588
(2018
).5.
J. G.
Lee
, E. G.
Adelberger
, T. S.
Cook
, S. M.
Fleischer
, and B. R.
Heckel
, “New test of the gravitational 1/r2 law at separations down to 52 μm
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
124
, 101101
(2020
).6.
T. A.
Wagner
, S.
Schlamminger
, J. H.
Gundlach
, and E. G.
Adelberger
, “Torsion-balance tests of the weak equivalence principle
,” Classical Quantum Gravity
29
(18
), 184002
(2012
).7.
P. W.
Graham
, D. E.
Kaplan
, J.
Mardon
, S.
Rajendran
, and W. A.
Terrano
, “Dark matter direct detection with accelerometers
,” Phys. Rev. D
93
, 075029
(2016
).8.
W. A.
Terrano
, E. G.
Adelberger
, C. A.
Hagedorn
, and B. R.
Heckel
, “Constraints on axionlike dark matter with masses down to 10−23 eV/c2
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
122
, 231301
(2019
).9.
W. A.
Terrano
, E. G.
Adelberger
, J. G.
Lee
, and B. R.
Heckel
, “Short-range, spin-dependent interactions of electrons: A probe for exotic pseudo-goldstone bosons
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
115
, 201801
(2015
).10.
A.
Shoda
, Y.
Kuwahara
, M.
Ando
, K.
Eda
, K.
Tejima
, Y.
Aso
, and Y.
Itoh
, “Ground-based low-frequency gravitational-wave detector with multiple outputs
,” Phys. Rev. D
95
, 082004
(2017
).11.
D. J.
McManus
, P. W. F.
Forsyth
, M. J.
Yap
, R. L.
Ward
, D. A.
Shaddock
, D. E.
McClelland
, and B. J. J.
Slagmolen
, “Mechanical characterisation of the TorPeDO: A low frequency gravitational force sensor
,” Classical Quantum Gravity
34
(13
), 135002
(2017
).12.
G.
Ciani
, A.
Chilton
, S.
Apple
, T.
Olatunde
, M.
Aitken
, G.
Mueller
, and J. W.
Conklin
, “A new torsion pendulum for gravitational reference sensor technology development
,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.
88
(6
), 064502
(2017
).13.
C. M.
Mow-Lowry
and D.
Martynov
, “A 6D interferometric inertial isolation system
,” Classical Quantum Gravity
36
(24
), 245006
(2019
).14.
J.
Harms
, J.-P.
Ampuero
, M.
Barsuglia
, E.
Chassande-Mottin
, J.-P.
Montagner
, S. N.
Somala
, and B. F.
Whiting
, “Transient gravity perturbations induced by earthquake rupture
,” Geophys. J. Int.
201
(3
), 1416
–1425
(2015
).15.
E. R. I.
Abraham
and E. A.
Cornell
, “Teflon feedthrough for coupling optical fibers into ultrahigh vacuum systems
,” Appl. Opt.
37
(10
), 1762
–1763
(1998
).16.
T.
Shimoda
, N.
Aritomi
, A.
Shoda
, Y.
Michimura
, and M.
Ando
, “Seismic cross-coupling noise in torsion pendulums
,” Phys. Rev. D
97
, 104003
(2018
).17.
S.
Maranò
and D.
Fäh
, “Processing of translational and rotational motions of surface waves: Performance analysis and applications to single sensor and to array measurements
,” Geophys. J. Int.
196
(1
), 317
–339
(2013
).18.
J.
Belfi
, N.
Beverini
, F.
Bosi
, G.
Carelli
, D.
Cuccato
, G.
De Luca
, A.
Di Virgilio
, A.
Gebauer
, E.
Maccioni
, A.
Ortolan
, A.
Porzio
, G.
Saccorotti
, A.
Simonelli
, and G.
Terreni
, “Deep underground rotation measurements: GINGERino ring laser gyroscope in Gran Sasso
,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.
88
(3
), 034502
(2017
).19.
K.
Venkateswara
, C. A.
Hagedorn
, M. D.
Turner
, T.
Arp
, and J. H.
Gundlach
, “A high-precision mechanical absolute-rotation sensor
,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.
85
(1
), 015005
(2014
).20.
M. P.
Ross
, K.
Venkateswara
, C. A.
Hagedorn
, J. H.
Gundlach
, J. S.
Kissel
, J.
Warner
, H.
Radkins
, T. J.
Shaffer
, M. W.
Coughlin
, and P.
Bodin
, “Low-frequency tilt seismology with a precision ground-rotation sensor
,” Seismol. Res. Lett.
89
(1
), 67
–76
(2017
).21.
A.
Pancha
, T. H.
Webb
, G. E.
Stedman
, D. P.
McLeod
, and K. U.
Schreiber
, “Ring laser detection of rotations from teleseismic waves
,” Geophys. Res. Lett.
27
(21
), 3553
–3556
, (2000
).22.
W. H. K.
Lee
, M.
Çelebi
, M. I.
Todorovska
, and H.
Igel
, “Introduction to the special issue on rotational seismology and engineering applications
,” Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.
99
(2B
), 945
–957
(2009
).23.
M. P.
Ross
, C. A.
Hagedorn
, E. A.
Shaw
, A. L.
Lockwood
, B. M.
Iritani
, J. G.
Lee
, K.
Venkateswara
, and J. H.
Gundlach
, “Limits on the stochastic gravitational wave background and prospects for single-source detection with grace follow-on
,” Phys. Rev. D
101
, 102004
(2020
).24.
D.
Fiorucci
, J.
Harms
, M.
Barsuglia
, I.
Fiori
, and F.
Paoletti
, “Impact of infrasound atmospheric noise on gravity detectors used for astrophysical and geophysical applications
,” Phys. Rev. D
97
, 062003
(2018
).25.
M.
Vallée
, J. P.
Ampuero
, K.
Juhel
, P.
Bernard
, J.-P.
Montagner
, and M.
Barsuglia
, “Observations and modeling of the elastogravity signals preceding direct seismic waves
,” Science
358
(6367
), 1164
–1168
(2017
).© 2021 Author(s).
2021
Author(s)
You do not currently have access to this content.
