We present a compact setup for spin-, time-, and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. A 10 kHz titanium sapphire laser system delivers pulses of 20 fs duration, which drive a high harmonic generation-based source for ultraviolet photons at 21 eV for photoemission. The same laser also excites the sample for pump–probe experiments. Emitted electrons pass through a hemispherical energy analyzer and a spin-filtering element. The latter is based on spin-polarized low-energy electron diffraction on an Au-passivated iridium crystal. The performance of the measurement system is discussed in terms of the resolution and efficiency of the spin filter, which are higher than those for Mott-based techniques.
REFERENCES
1.
A.
Alekhin
, I.
Razdolski
, M.
Berritta
, D.
Bürstel
, V.
Temnov
, D.
Diesing
, U.
Bovensiepen
, G.
Woltersdorf
, P. M.
Oppeneer
, and A.
Melnikov
, “Magneto-optical properties of au upon the injection of hot spin-polarized electrons across Fe/Au(0 0 1) interfaces
,” J. Phys.: Condens. Matter
31
, 124002
(2019
).2.
N. F.
Mott
, “The scattering of fast electrons by atomic nuclei
,” Proc. R. Soc. A
124
, 425
–442
(1929
).3.
T. J.
Gay
and F. B.
Dunning
, “Mott electron polarimetry
,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.
63
, 1635
–1651
(1992
).4.
V. N.
Strocov
, V. N.
Petrov
, and J. H.
Dil
, “Concept of a multichannel spin-resolving electron analyzer based on mott scattering
,” J. Synchrotron Radiat.
22
, 708
–716
(2015
).5.
M.
Kolbe
, P.
Lushchyk
, B.
Petereit
, H. J.
Elmers
, G.
Schönhense
, A.
Oelsner
, C.
Tusche
, and J.
Kirschner
, “Highly efficient multichannel spin-polarization detection
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
107
, 207601
(2011
).6.
B.
Dromey
, M.
Zepf
, A.
Gopal
, K.
Lancaster
, M. S.
Wei
, K.
Krushelnick
, M.
Tatarakis
, N.
Vakakis
, S.
Moustaizis
, R.
Kodama
, M.
Tampo
, C.
Stoeckl
, R.
Clarke
, H.
Habara
, D.
Neely
, S.
Karsch
, and P.
Norreys
, “High harmonic generation in the relativistic limit
,” Nat. Phys.
2
, 456
–459
(2006
).7.
D.
Vasilyev
, C.
Tusche
, F.
Giebels
, H.
Gollisch
, R.
Feder
, and J.
Kirschner
, “Low-energy electron reflection from Au-passivated Ir(001) for application in imaging spin-filters
,” J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom.
199
, 10
–18
(2015
).8.
A. D.
Shiner
, C.
Trallero-Herrero
, N.
Kajumba
, H.-C.
Bandulet
, D.
Comtois
, F.
Légaré
, M.
Giguère
, J.-C.
Kieffer
, P. B.
Corkum
, D. M.
Villeneuve
, A. D.
Shiner
, C.
Trallero-Herrero
, N.
Kajumba
, H.-C.
Bandulet
, D.
Comtois
, F.
Légaré
, M.
Giguère
, J.-C.
Kieffer
, P. B.
Corkum
, and D. M.
Villeneuve
, “Wavelength scaling of high harmonic generation efficiency
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
103
, 073902
(2009
).9.
S.
Eich
, A.
Stange
, A. V.
Carr
, J.
Urbancic
, T.
Popmintchev
, M.
Wiesenmayer
, K.
Jansen
, A.
Ruffing
, S.
Jakobs
, T.
Rohwer
, S.
Hellmann
, C.
Chen
, P.
Matyba
, L.
Kipp
, K.
Rossnagel
, M.
Bauer
, M. M.
Murnane
, H. C.
Kapteyn
, S.
Mathias
, and M.
Aeschlimann
, “Time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with optimized high-harmonic pulses using frequency-doubled Ti:Sapphire lasers
,” J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom.
195
, 231
–236
(2014
).10.
M.
Plötzing
, R.
Adam
, C.
Weier
, L.
Plucinski
, S.
Eich
, S.
Emmerich
, M.
Rollinger
, M.
Aeschlimann
, S.
Mathias
, and C. M.
Schneider
, “Spin-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy using femtosecond extreme ultraviolet light pulses from high-order harmonic generation
,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.
87
, 043903
(2016
).11.
M. L.
Scott
, P. N.
Arendt
, B. J.
Cameron
, J. M.
Saber
, and B. E.
Newnam
, “Extreme ultraviolet reflectance degradation of aluminum and silicon from surface oxidation
,” Appl. Opt.
27
, 1503
–1507
(1988
).12.
See http://henke.lbl.gov/optical_constants for X-ray interactions with matter; accessed 06 April 2020.
13.
A.
Fognini
, T. U.
Michlmayr
, T.
Bähler
, C.
Wetli
, A.
Vaterlaus
, and Y.
Acremann
, “Magnetic pulser and sample holder for time- and spin-resolved photoemission spectroscopy on magnetic materials
,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.
83
, 063906
(2012
).14.
C.
Tusche
, M.
Ellguth
, A. A.
Ünal
, C.-T.
Chiang
, A.
Winkelmann
, A.
Krasyuk
, M.
Hahn
, G.
Schönhense
, and J.
Kirschner
, “Spin resolved photoelectron microscopy using a two-dimensional spin-polarizing electron mirror
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
99
, 032505
(2011
).15.
D.
Kutnyakhov
, P.
Lushchyk
, A.
Fognini
, D.
Perriard
, M.
Kolbe
, K.
Medjanik
, E.
Fedchenko
, S. A.
Nepijko
, H. J.
Elmers
, G.
Salvatella
, C.
Stieger
, R.
Gort
, T.
Bähler
, T.
Michlmayer
, Y.
Acremann
, A.
Vaterlaus
, F.
Giebels
, H.
Gollisch
, R.
Feder
, C.
Tusche
, A.
Krasyuk
, J.
Kirschner
, and G.
Schönhense
, “Imaging spin filter for electrons based on specular reflection from iridium (001)
,” Ultramicroscopy
130
, 63
–69
(2013
), part of special issue: Eighth International Workshop on LEEM/PEEM.16.
A. W.
Fognini
, “Ultrafast demagnetization: An electronic point of view
,” Ph.D. thesis, ETH Zurich
, Switzerland
, 2014
.17.
J.
Kirschner
, F.
Giebels
, H.
Gollisch
, and R.
Feder
, “Spin-polarized electron scattering from pseudomorphic Au on Ir(001)
,” Phys. Rev. B
88
, 125419
(2013
).18.
S.
Suga
and C.
Tusche
, “Photoelectron spectroscopy in a wide hv region from 6ev to 8kev with full momentum and spin resolution
,” J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom.
200
, 119
–142
(2015
), part of special issue: Special Anniversary Issue: Volume 200.19.
J.
Kirschner
and K.
Koike
, “Spin polarization of secondary electrons from Fe(110) excited by unpolarized primary electrons
,” Surf. Sci.
273
, 147
–159
(1992
).20.
S. F.
Mao
, X.
Sun
, X. W.
Fang
, B.
Da
, and Z. J.
Ding
, “A Monte Carlo study of the spin polarization of secondary electrons
,” Surf. Interface Anal.
44
, 703
–708
(2012
).21.
T.
Kohashi
, M.
Konoto
, and K.
Koike
, “Systematic experiment of Mott scattering
,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1
45
, 6468
–6474
(2006
).22.
G.
Ghiringhelli
, K.
Larsson
, and N. B.
Brookes
, “High-efficiency spin-resolved and spin-integrated electron detection: Parallel mounting on a hemispherical analyzer
,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.
70
, 4225
–4230
(1999
).23.
S.
Miesch
, A.
Fognini
, Y.
Acremann
, A.
Vaterlaus
, and T. U.
Michlmayr
, “Fe on W(110), a stable magnetic reference system
,” J. Appl. Phys.
109
, 013905
(2011
).24.
R.
Gort
, K.
Bühlmann
, S.
Däster
, G.
Salvatella
, N.
Hartmann
, Y.
Zemp
, S.
Holenstein
, C.
Stieger
, A.
Fognini
, T.
Michlmayr
, T.
Bähler
, A.
Vaterlaus
, and Y.
Acremann
, “Early stages of ultrafast spin dynamics in a 3d ferromagnet
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
121
, 087206
(2018
).25.
A.
Fognini
, T. U.
Michlmayr
, G.
Salvatella
, C.
Wetli
, U.
Ramsperger
, T.
Bähler
, F.
Sorgenfrei
, M.
Beye
, A.
Eschenlohr
, N.
Pontius
, C.
Stamm
, F.
Hieke
, M.
Dell’Angela
, S.
de Jong
, R.
Kukreja
, N.
Gerasimova
, V.
Rybnikov
, A.
Al-Shemmary
, H.
Redlin
, J.
Raabe
, A.
Föhlisch
, H. A.
Dürr
, W.
Wurth
, D.
Pescia
, A.
Vaterlaus
, and Y.
Acremann
, “Ultrafast reduction of the total magnetization in iron
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
104
, 032402
(2014
).26.
D.
Kutnyakhov
, R. P.
Xian
, M.
Dendzik
, M.
Heber
, F.
Pressacco
, S. Y.
Agustsson
, L.
Wenthaus
, H.
Meyer
, S.
Gieschen
, G.
Mercurio
, A.
Benz
, K.
Bühlman
, S.
Däster
, R.
Gort
, D.
Curcio
, K.
Volckaert
, M.
Bianchi
, C.
Sanders
, J. A.
Miwa
, S.
Ulstrup
, A.
Oelsner
, C.
Tusche
, Y.-J.
Chen
, D.
Vasilyev
, K.
Medjanik
, G.
Brenner
, S.
Dziarzhytski
, H.
Redlin
, B.
Manschwetus
, S.
Dong
, J.
Hauer
, L.
Rettig
, F.
Diekmann
, K.
Rossnagel
, J.
Demsar
, H.-J.
Elmers
, P.
Hofmann
, R.
Ernstorfer
, G.
Schönhense
, Y.
Acremann
, and W.
Wurth
, “Time- and momentum-resolved photoemission studies using time-of-flight momentum microscopy at a free-electron laser
,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.
91
, 013109
(2020
).© 2020 Author(s).
2020
Author(s)
You do not currently have access to this content.
