In contrast to labor intensive and destructive histological techniques, intrinsic autofluorescence lifetimes of extra cellular matrix proteins can provide label-free imaging of tissue modifications in diseases, including the diabetic ulcers. However, decoupling the complex mixture of tissue fluorophores requires costly and complicated fluorescent lifetime instrumentation. Furthermore, a list of autofluorescent and fluorogenic proteins must be characterized to profile their changes during disease progression. Towards these goals, an imaging system based on frequency domain light-emitting diode (LED) modulation was designed and demonstrated, using off-the-shelf components in a low complexity design. The system was operated by coupling and imaging fluorescence intensities using a pair of objectives. The system’s scanning and signal acquisition performances were optimized with respect to etendues. To study fluorescent proteins in diabetic ulcers, lifetimes from purified and pentosidine modified collagen I, collagen III, and elastin were measured. Pentosidine measurements showed a decrease in autofluorescent lifetimes while elevated collagen III in diabetic ulcers showed increased lifetimes. These lifetimes, plus future protein measurements enabled by our system, can serve as standards for developing a biophotonic model of diabetic ulcers. As a proof-of-concept, a 3 cm × 3 cm diabetic foot ulcer was imaged using the developed system. Phasor analysis was applied to aid the interpretation of lifetime images. As a result, a compact biophotonic imaging system targeting diabetic tissue was achieved, towards making the technique accessible for clinical histology.
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December 2018
Research Article|
December 26 2018
Stain-free LED scanning lifetime imaging system for diabetes modified tissue matrices
Luwei Zou
;
Luwei Zou
Bioengineering Program, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan at Dearborn
, Dearborn, Michigan 48128, USA
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Rui Liu;
Rui Liu
Bioengineering Program, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan at Dearborn
, Dearborn, Michigan 48128, USA
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Suhaib Hashem;
Suhaib Hashem
Bioengineering Program, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan at Dearborn
, Dearborn, Michigan 48128, USA
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Joe Fujiou Lo
Joe Fujiou Lo
a)
Bioengineering Program, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan at Dearborn
, Dearborn, Michigan 48128, USA
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a)
E-mail: [email protected]
Rev. Sci. Instrum. 89, 125116 (2018)
Article history
Received:
May 06 2018
Accepted:
December 02 2018
Citation
Luwei Zou, Rui Liu, Suhaib Hashem, Joe Fujiou Lo; Stain-free LED scanning lifetime imaging system for diabetes modified tissue matrices. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1 December 2018; 89 (12): 125116. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5038827
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