A commercial software defined radio based on a Rafael Micro R820T2 tuner is characterized for the use as a high-frequency lock-in amplifier for frequency modulation spectroscopy. The sensitivity limit of the receiver is . Frequency modulation spectroscopy is demonstrated on the 6406.69 cm−1 absorption line of carbon monoxide.
REFERENCES
1.
G. C.
Bjorklund
, M. D.
Levenson
, W.
Lenth
, and C.
Ortiz
, “Frequency modulation (FM) spectroscopy
,” Appl. Phys. B: Photophys. Laser Chem.
32
(3
), 145
–152
(1983
).2.
G. C.
Bjorklund
, “Frequency-modulation spectroscopy: A new method for measuring weak absorptions and dispersions
,” Opt. Lett.
5
(1
), 15
–17
(1980
).3.
M.
Gehrtz
, E. A.
Whittaker
, and G. C.
Bjorklund
, “Quantum-limited laser frequency-modulation spectroscopy
,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B
2
(9
), 1510
–1526
(1985
).4.
G. R.
Janik
, C. B.
Carlisle
, and T. F.
Gallagher
, “Two-tone frequency-modulation spectroscopy
,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B
3
(8
), 1070
–1074
(1986
).5.
J. B.
Johnson
, “Thermal agitation of electricity in conductors
,” Phys. Rev.
32
, 97
–109
(1928
).6.
H.
Nyquist
, “Thermal agitation of electric charge in conductors
,” Phys. Rev.
32
, 110
–113
(1928
).7.
M.
Richards
, “Airspy,” Radio User, 2015
(3
), 8
–11
(March 2015
).8.
See https://airspy.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/AirSpy_NOS_R2_PinAssignment.jpg for Photo of the Airspy pc board; accessed
2017 11
.9.
Y.
Touil
, private communications (2017
).10.
See https://rtl-sdr.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/R820T_datasheet-Non_R-20111130_unlocked.pdf for R820T high performance low power advanced digital tv silicon tuner datasheet; accessed
2017 11
.11.
See https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/data-sheet/LPC4370.pdf for LPC4370 datasheet; accessed
2017 11
.12.
See https://www.silabs.com/documents/public/data-sheets/Si5351-B.pdf for Si5351a/b/c- I2C-programmable any-frequency CMOS clock generator + VCXO datatsheet; accessed
2017 11
.13.
Y.
Touil
, B.
Vernoux
, I.
Gilmore
, J.
Boone
, M.
Ossmann
, Airspy software repository, https://github.com/airspy; accessed 2017 11
.14.
W.
Fischer
, Digital Video and Audio Broadcasting Technology: A Practical Engineering Guide, Signals and Communication Technology
(Springer
, Berlin, Heidelberg
, 2008
).15.
Y.
Touil
, Airspy software library IQ-converter, https://github.com/airspy/airspyone_host/blob/master/libairspy/src/iqconverter_int16.c; accessed 2017 11
.16.
The sourcecode15 additionally scales the Q channel accordingly to the scaling of the FIR filter by a factor of 0.5.
17.
See http://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/ADF4351.pdf for ADF4351 wideband synthesizer with integrated VCO datasheet; accessed
2017 11
.18.
Y.
Touil
, B.
Vernoux
, I.
Gilmore
, J.
Boone
, M.
Ossmann
, Airspy software library, https://github.com/airspy/airspyone_host/blob/master/libairspy/src/airspy.c, Gain values in lines 117-119; accessed 2017 11
.19.
P. O.
Werle
, R.
Mücke
, and F.
Slemr
, “The limits of signal averaging in atmospheric trace-gas monitoring by tunable diode-laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS)
,” Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt.
57
(2
), 131
–139
(1993
).20.
J. A.
Barnes
, A. R.
Chi
, L. S.
Cutler
, D. J.
Healey
, D. B.
Leeson
, T. E.
McGunigal
, J. A.
Mullen
, W. L.
Smith
, R. L.
Sydnor
, R. F. C.
Vessot
et al, “Characterization of frequency stability
,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.
IM-
20(2
), 105
–120
(1971
).21.
L. S.
Rothman
, I. E.
Gordon
, Y.
Babikov
, A.
Barbe
, D.
Chris Benner
, P. F.
Bernath
, M.
Birk
, L.
Bizzocchi
, V.
Boudon
, L. R.
Brown
et al, “The HITRAN2012 molecular spectroscopic database
,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer
130
, 4
–50
(2013
).22.
R. R.
Gamache
, R. L.
Hawkins
, and L. S.
Rothman
, “Total internal partition sums in the temperature range 70–3000 K: Atmospheric linear molecules
,” J. Mol. Spectrosc.
142
(2
), 205
–219
(1990
).23.
P.
Mahnke
and M.
Wirth
, “Real-time quantitative measurement of the mode beating of an injection-seeded optical parametric oscillator
,” Appl. Phys. B
99
(1
), 141
–148
(2010
).24.
J. A.
Silver
, “Frequency-modulation spectroscopy for trace species detection: Theory and comparison among experimental methods
,” Appl. Opt.
31
(6
), 707
–717
(1992
).25.
J. A.
Silver
, “Frequency-modulation spectroscopy for trace species detection: Theory and comparison among experimental methods: Errata
,” Appl. Opt.
31
(24
), 4927
(1992
).26.
W.
Schottky
, “Über spontane stromschwankungen in verschiedenen elektrizitätsleitern
,” Ann. Phys.
362
(23
), 541
–567
(1918
).27.
W.
Schottky
, “Small-shot effect and flicker effect
,” Phys. Rev.
28
, 74
–103
(1926
).28.
A.
David
and H. W.
Riley
, Handbook of Frequency Stability Analysis
(NIST Special Publication 1065
, 2008
).29.
D. E.
Cooper
and R. E.
Warren
, “Two-tone optical heterodyne spectroscopy with diode lasers: Theory of line shapes and experimental results
,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B
4
(4
), 470
–480
(1987
).© 2018 Author(s).
2018
Author(s)
You do not currently have access to this content.