High-pressure rotational deformation apparatus to 135 GPa

A large-strain, torsional deformation apparatus has been developed based on diamond anvil cells at high pressures, up to 135 GPa with a help of hard nano-polycrystalline diamond anvils. These pressure conditions correspond to the base of the Earth’s mantle. An X-ray laminography technique is introduced for high-pressure in situ 3D observations of the strain markers. The technique developed in this study introduces the possibility of the in situ rheological measurements of the deep Earth materials under ultrahigh-pressure conditions.