To determine the anelastic properties of materials of the Earth’s interior, a short-period cyclic loading system was installed for in situ X-ray radiographic observation under high pressure to the multi-anvil deformation DIA press at the bending magnet beam line BL04B1 at SPring-8. The hydraulic system equipped with a piston controlled by a solenoid was designed so as to enable producing smooth sinusoidal stress in a wide range of oscillation period from 0.2 to 100 s and generating variable amplitudes. Time resolved X-ray radiography imaging of the sample and reference material provides their strain as a function of time during cyclic loading. A synchrotron X-ray radiation source allows us to resolve their strain variation with time even at the short period (<1 s). The minimum resolved strain is as small as 10−4, and the shortest oscillation period to detect small strain is 0.5 s. Preliminary experimental results exhibited that the new system can resolve attenuation factor Q−1 at upper mantle conditions. These results are in quantitative agreement with previously reported data obtained at lower pressures.
REFERENCES
1.
D. G.
Isaak
, “High-temperature elasticity of iron-bearing olivines
,” J. Geophys. Res., [Solid Earth]
97
, 1871
, doi:10.1029/91JB02675 (1992
).2.
S. D.
Jacobsen
, F.
Jiang
, Z.
Mao
, T. S.
Duffy
, J. R.
Smyth
, C. M.
Holl
, and D. J.
Frost
, “Effects of hydration on the elastic properties of olivine
,” Geophys. Res. Lett.
35
, L14303
, doi:10.1029/2008GL034398 (2008
).3.
S.
Karato
, “Importance of anelasticity in the interpretation of seismic tomography
,” Geophys. Res. Lett.
20
, 1623
–1626
, doi:10.1029/93GL01767 (1993
).4.
H.
Berckhemer
, W.
Kampfmann
, E.
Aulbach
, and H.
Schmeling
, “Shear modulus and Q of forsterite and dunite near partial melting from forced oscillation experiments
,” Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.
29
, 30
–41
(1982
).5.
I.
Jackson
, M. S.
Paterson
, and J. D.
Fitz Gerald
, “Seismic wave attenuation in Aheim dunite: An experimental study
,” Geophys. J. Int.
108
, 517
–534
(1992
).6.
T. T.
Gribb
and R. F.
Cooper
, “Low-frequency shear attenuation in polycrystalline olivine: Grain boundary diffusion and the physical significance of the Andrade model for viscoelastic rheology
,” J. Geophys. Res.
103
, 27267
–27279
, doi:10.1029/98JB02786 (1998
).7.
T. T.
Gribb
and R. F.
Cooper
, “A high-temperature torsion apparatus for the high-resolution characterization of internal friction and creep in refractory metals and ceramics: Application to the seismic-frequency, dynamic response of earth’s upper mantle
,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.
69
, 559
–564
(1998
).8.
B. H.
Tan
, I.
Jackson
, and J. D.
Fitz Gerald
, “High-temperature viscoelasticity of fine-grained polycrystalline olivine
,” Phys. Chem. Miner.
28
, 641
–664
(2001
).9.
I.
Jackson
, J. D.
Fitz Gerald
, U. H.
Faul
, and B. H.
Tan
, “Grain size sensitive seismic wave attenuation in polycrystalline olivine
,” J. Geophys. Res.
107
, 2360
, doi:10.1029/2001JB001225 (2002
).10.
I.
Jackson
, U. H.
Faul
, J. D.
Fitz Gerald
, and B. H.
Tan
, “Shear-wave attenuation and dispersion in melt-bearing olivine polycrystals. I. Specimen fabrication and mechanical testing
,” J. Geophys. Res.
109
, B06201
, doi:10.1029/2003JB002406 (2004
).11.
U. H.
Faul
and I.
Jackson
, “The seismological signature of temperature and grain size variations in the upper mantle
,” Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
234
, 119
–134
(2005
).12.
L.
Li
and D. J.
Weidner
, “Energy dissipation of materials at high pressure and high temperature
,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.
78
, 053902
(2007
).13.
L.
Li
and D. J.
Weidner
, “Synchronized stress-strain measurements in dynamic loading at high pressure using D-DIA
,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.
81
, 096102
(2010
).14.
L.
Li
and D. J.
Weidner
, “Effect of phase transitions on bulk dispersion and attenuation: Implications for the earth
,” Nature
454
, 984
–986
(2008
).15.
L.
Li
, “Bulk attenuation in the earth’s mantle due to phase transitions
,” Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.
183
, 473
–477
(2010
).16.
L.
Li
, L.
Wang
, and M.
Vaughan
, “An exploratory study of the viscoelasticity of phase-transforming material
,” Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.
174
, 174
–180
(2009
).17.
D. J.
Weidner
and L.
Li
, “Impact of phase transitions on P wave velocities
,” Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.
180
, 189
–194
(2009
).18.
L.
Li
and D. J.
Weidner
, “Anelasticity and transient creep in NaMgF3 perovskite at high pressure
,” Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.
194-195
, 98
–106
(2012
).19.
L.
Li
and D. J.
Weidner
, “Effect of dynamic melting on acoustic velocities in a partially molten peridotite
,” Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.
222
, 1
–7
(2013
).20.
S.
Karato
, “On the origin of the asthenosphere
,” Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
321-322
, 95
–103
(2012
).21.
J. P.
Poirier
, Creep of Crystals, High-Temperature Deformation Processed in Metals, Ceramics and Minerals
(Cambridge University Press
, Cambridge
, 1985
).22.
Y.
Gueguen
, M.
Darot
, P.
Mazot
, and J.
Woirgard
, “Q−1 of forsterite single crystals
,” Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.
55
, 254
(1989
).23.
K.
Ota
and G.
Pezzotti
, “Anelastic and plastic relaxation in polycrystalline alumina and single-crystal sapphire
,” J. Mater. Res.
11
, 2785
–2789
(1996
).24.
Y.
Wang
, W. B.
Durham
, T.
Getting
, and D. J.
Weidner
, “The deformation-DIA: A new apparatus for high temperature triaxial deformation to pressures up to 15 GPa
,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.
74
, 3002
–3011
(2003
).25.
D. G.
Isaak
, O. L.
Anderson
, and T.
Goto
, “Elasticity of single-crystal forsterite measured to 1700 K
,” J. Geophys. Res., [Solid Earth]
94
, 5895
–5906
, doi:10.1029/JB094iB05p05895 (1989
).26.
M.
Kumazawa
and O. L.
Anderson
, “Elastic moduli, pressure derivatives, and temperature derivatives of single-crystal olivine and single-crystal forsterite
,” J. Geophys. Res.
74
, 5961
–5972
, doi:10.1029/JB074i025p05961 (1969
).27.
C.
McCarthy
, Y.
Takei
, and T.
Hiraga
, “Experimental study of attenuation and dispersion over a broad frequency range: 2. The universal scaling of polycrystalline materials
,” J. Geophys. Res.
116
, B09207
, doi:10.1029/2011JB008384 (2011
).28.
Y.
Takei
, F.
Karasawa
, and H.
Yamauchi
, “Temperature, grain size, and chemical controls on polycrystal anelasticity over a broad frequency range extending into the seismic range
,” J. Geophys. Res.
119
, 5414
–5443
, doi:10.1002/2014JB011146 (2014
).29.
T.
Kawazoe
, Y.
Nishihara
, T.
Ohchi
, N.
Nishiyama
, Y.
Higo
, K.
Funakoshi
, and T.
Irifune
, “In situ stress-strain measurements in a deformation-DIA apparatus at P-T conditions of the upper part of the mantle transition zone
,” Am. Mineral.
96
, 1665
–1672
(2011
).30.
J.
Wilks
, “Dislocation damping in metals
,” Br. J. Appl. Phys.
16
, 587
–603
(1965
).31.
G.
Pezzotti
and K.
Ota
, “Mechanical damping arising from dislocation motion in sapphire and ruby crystals
,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc.
80
, 2205
–2212
(1997
).32.
R. J. M.
Farla
, I.
Jackson
, J. D.
Fitz Gerald
, U. H.
Faul
, and M. E.
Zimmermann
, “Dislocation damping and anisotropic seismic wave attenuation in earth’s upper mantle
,” Science
336
, 332
–335
(2012
).33.
Y.
Nishihara
, “Recent technical developments of high-pressure deformation experiments (in Japanese with english abstract)
,” Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol.
18
, 223
–229
(2008
).34.
S. A.
Hunt
, D. J.
Weidner
, R. J.
McCormack
, M. L.
Whitaker
, E.
Bailey
, L.
Li
, M. T.
Vaughan
, and D. P.
Dobson
, “Deformation t-cup: A new multi-anvil apparatus for controlled strain-rate deformation experiments at pressures above 18 GPa
,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.
85
, 085103
(2014
).35.
T.
Yoshino
, D.
Yamazaki
, Y.
Higo
, and K.
Funakoshi
, “Seismic attenuation measurement by cyclic loading under high pressure and temperature (in Japanese with English abstract)
,” Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol.
24
, 126
–135
(2014
).© 2016 Author(s).
2016
Author(s)
You do not currently have access to this content.
