One of the primary science goals of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Rover, Curiosity, is the detection of organics in Mars rock and regolith. To achieve this, the Curiosity rover includes a robotic sampling system that acquires rock and regolith samples and delivers it to the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument on board the rover. In order to provide confidence that any significant organics detection result was Martian and not terrestrial in origin, a requirement was levied on the flight system (i.e., all sources minus the SAM instrument) to impart no more than 36 parts per billion (ppb by weight) of total reduced carbon terrestrial contamination to any sample transferred to the SAM instrument. This very clean level was achieved by a combination of a rigorous contamination control program on the project, and then using the first collected samples for a “dilution cleaning” campaign of the sample chain prior to delivering a sample to the SAM instrument. Direct cleanliness assays of the sample-contacting and other Flight System surfaces during pre-launch processing were used as inputs to determine the number of dilution cleaning samples needed once on Mars, to enable delivery of suitably clean samples to the SAM experiment. Taking into account contaminant redistribution during launch thorough landing of the MSL on Mars, the amount of residue present on the sampling hardware prior to the time of first dilution cleaning sample acquisition was estimated to be 60 ng/cm2 on exposed outer surfaces of the sampling hardware and 20 ng/cm2 on internal sample contacting surfaces; residues consisting mainly of aliphatic hydrocarbons and esters. After three dilution cleaning samples, estimated in-sample contamination level for the first regolith sample delivered to the SAM instrument at the Gale Crater “Rocknest” site was bounded at ≤10 ppb total organic carbon. A Project decision to forego ejecting the dilution cleaning sample and instead transfer the first drill-acquired sample at the “John Klein” site to SAM resulted in an estimated level of terrestrial contamination of ≤430 ppb. The estimated terrestrial contamination for portions from the second drill-acquired sample, at Cumberland, was ≤69 ppb; the estimate for a future, third, drilled sample is ≤38 ppb. These levels are comparable in magnitude to the SAM instrument blanks at the nanomole level (as chlorohydrocarbon).
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July 2014
Research Article|
July 22 2014
Organic cleanliness of the Mars Science Laboratory sample transfer chain
B. Blakkolb;
B. Blakkolb
a)
Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology
. 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
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C. Logan;
C. Logan
Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology
. 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
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L. Jandura;
L. Jandura
Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology
. 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
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A. Okon;
A. Okon
Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology
. 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
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M. Anderson;
M. Anderson
Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology
. 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
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I. Katz;
I. Katz
Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology
. 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
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G. Aveni;
G. Aveni
Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology
. 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
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K. Brown;
K. Brown
Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology
. 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
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S. Chung;
S. Chung
Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology
. 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
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N. Ferraro;
N. Ferraro
Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology
. 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
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D. Limonadi;
D. Limonadi
Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology
. 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
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J. Melko;
J. Melko
Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology
. 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
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J. Mennella;
J. Mennella
Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology
. 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
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A. Yavrouian
A. Yavrouian
Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology
. 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
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a)
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Electronic mail: [email protected]
Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85, 075111 (2014)
Article history
Received:
January 21 2014
Accepted:
July 02 2014
Citation
B. Blakkolb, C. Logan, L. Jandura, A. Okon, M. Anderson, I. Katz, G. Aveni, K. Brown, S. Chung, N. Ferraro, D. Limonadi, J. Melko, J. Mennella, A. Yavrouian; Organic cleanliness of the Mars Science Laboratory sample transfer chain. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1 July 2014; 85 (7): 075111. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4890279
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