Electrode polarization is a significant obstacle in the impedance measurements of ionic liquids. An atomically smooth electrode surface could potentially reduce unwanted impedance contributions from electrode polarization. Liquid metal electrodes were formed by adhering Galinstan to acrylic plates in a parallel-plate capacitor arrangement. Electrode polarization was compared to a similar cell with stainless steel electrodes. The impedance of salt and protein solutions (β-lactoglobulin) was measured from 40 Hz to 110 MHz. Because of oxide layer formation, the performance of the Galinstan electrode is significantly different than the theoretical ideal.
REFERENCES
1.
U.
Kaatze
, Meas. Sci. Technol.
19
, 112001
(2008
).2.
A.
Bonincontro
and G.
Risuleo
, Spectrochim. Acta, Part A
59
, 2677
(2003
).3.
A.
Oleinikova
, P.
Sasisanker
, and H.
Weingartner
, J. Phys. Chem. B
108
, 8467
(2004
).4.
B. A.
Mazzeo
and A. J.
Flewitt
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
90
, 123901
(2007
).5.
E. H.
Grant
, R. J.
Sheppard
, and G. P.
South
, Dielectric Behaviour of Biological Molecules in Solution
(Oxford University Press, Oxford
, UK
, 1978
).6.
Z.
Kerner
and T.
Pajkossy
, Electrochim. Acta
46
, 207
(2000
).7.
W.
Scheider
, J. Phys. Chem.
79
, 127
(1975
).8.
F.
Kremer
and A.
Schönhals
, Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy
(Springer
, Berlin
, 2003
).9.
Galinstan Material Safety Datasheet. Geratherm Medical AG Fahrenheitstraff 1 D-98716 Geschwenda, (
2006
).10.
M. D.
Dickey
, R. C.
Chiechi
, R. J.
Larsen
, E. A.
Weiss
, D. A.
Weitz
, and G. M.
Whitesides
, Adv. Funct. Mater.
18
, 1097
(2008
).11.
R. C.
Chiechi
, E. A.
Weiss
, M. D.
Dickey
, and G. M.
Whitesides
, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed.
47
, 142
(2008
).12.
J. H.
So
, J.
Thelen
, A.
Qusba
, G. J.
Hayes
, G.
Lazzi
, and M. D.
Dickey
, Adv. Funct. Mater.
19
, 3632
(2009
).13.
E. F.
Borra
, G.
Tremblay
, Y.
Huot
, and J.
Gauvin
, Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac.
109
, 319
(1997
).14.
P.
Surmann
and H.
Zeyat
, Anal. Bioanal. Chem.
383
, 1009
(2005
).15.
C. P.
Rhodes
, J. W.
Long
, M. S.
Doescher
, J. J.
Fontanella
, and D. R.
Rolison
, J. Phys. Chem. B
108
, 13079
(2005
).16.
P.
Mirtaheri
, S.
Grimnes
, and O. G.
Martinsen
, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.
52
, 2093
(2005
).17.
B. A.
Mazzeo
, S.
Chandra
, B. L.
Mellor
, and J.
Arellano
, Rev. Sci. Instrum.
81
, 125103
(2010
).18.
R. T.
Kelly
and A. T.
Woolley
, Anal. Chem.
75
, 1941
(2003
).19.
F.
Bordi
, C.
Cametti
, and T.
Gili
, Bioelectrochemistry
54
, 53
(2001
).20.
L.
Nyikos
and T.
Pajkossy
, Electrochim. Acta
30
, 1533
(1985
).21.
A.
Serghei
, M.
Tress
, J. R.
Sangoro
, and F.
Kremer
, Phys. Rev. B
80
, 184301
(2009
).22.
W. J.
Ellison
, K.
Lamkaouchi
, and J. M.
Moreau
, J. Mol. Liq.
68
, 171
(1996
).23.
B. L.
Mellor
, E.
Cruz Cortes
, D. D.
Busath
, and B. A.
Mazzeo
, J. L.
Oncley
, J. Phys. Chem. B
115
, 2205
(2011
).24.
J. H.
So
and M. D.
Dickey
, Lab Chip
11
, 905
(2011
).© 2011 American Institute of Physics.
2011
American Institute of Physics
You do not currently have access to this content.
