We describe experimental setups for producing large Bose-Einstein condensates of and . In both, a high-flux thermal atomic beam is decelerated by a Zeeman slower and is then captured and cooled in a magneto-optical trap. The atoms are then transferred into a cloverleaf-style Ioffe-Pritchard magnetic trap and cooled to quantum degeneracy with radio-frequency-induced forced evaporation. Typical condensates contain atoms. We discuss the similarities and differences between the techniques used for producing large and condensates in the context of nearly identical setups.
REFERENCES
1.
E. A.
Cornell
and C. E.
Wieman
, Rev. Mod. Phys.
74
, 875
(2002
).2.
W.
Ketterle
, Rev. Mod. Phys.
74
, 1131
(2002
).3.
M. H.
Anderson
, J. R.
Ensher
, M. R.
Matthews
, C. E.
Wieman
, and E. A.
Cornell
, Science
269
, 198
(1995
).4.
K. B.
Davis
, M. -O.
Mewes
, M. R.
Andrews
, N. J.
van Druten
, D. S.
Durfee
, D. M.
Kurn
, and W.
Ketterle
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
75
, 3969
(1995
).5.
C. C.
Bradley
, C. A.
Sackett
, J. J.
Tollett
, and R. G.
Hulet
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
75
, 1687
(1995
);
[PubMed]
C. C.
Bradley
, C. A.
Sackett
, J. J.
Tollett
, and R. G.
Hulet
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
79
, 1170
(1997
).6.
C.
Bradley
, C.
Sackett
, and R.
Hulet
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
78
, 985
(1997
).7.
D.
Fried
, T.
Killian
, L.
Willmann
, D.
Landhuis
, S.
Moss
, D.
Kleppner
, and T.
Greytak
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
81
, 3811
(1998
).8.
S.
Cornish
, N.
Claussen
, J.
Roberts
, E.
Cornell
, and C.
Wieman
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
85
, 1795
(2000
).9.
A.
Roberts
et al, Science
292
, 461
(2001
).10.
F.
Santos
et al, Phys. Rev. Lett.
86
, 3459
(2001
).11.
G.
Modugno
, G.
Ferrari
, G.
Roati
, R.
Brecha
, A.
Simoni
, and M.
Inguscio
, Science
294
, 1320
(2001
).12.
T.
Weber
, J.
Herbig
, M.
Mark
, H.
Nagerl
, and R.
Grimm
, Science
294
, 232
(2003
).13.
Y.
Takasu
et al, Phys. Rev. Lett.
91
, 040404
(2003
).14.
A.
Griesmaier
, J.
Werner
, S.
Hensler
, J.
Stuhler
, and T.
Pfau
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
94
, 160401
(2005
).15.
H.
Ott
, J.
Fortagh
, G.
Schlotterbeck
, A.
Grossmann
, and C.
Zimmermann
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
87
, 230401
(2001
).16.
K.
Dieckmann
, R. J. C.
Spreeuw
, M.
Weidemüller
, and J. T. M.
Walraven
, Phys. Rev. A
226
, 58
(1998
).17.
R. S.
Conroy
, Y.
Xiao
, M.
Vengalattore
, W.
Rooijakkers
, and M.
Prentiss
, Opt. Commun.
226
, 259
(2003
).18.
H.
Lewandowski
, D.
Harber
, D.
Whitaker
, and E.
Cornell
, J. Low Temp. Phys.
132
, 309
(2003
).19.
T.
Gustavson
, A.
Chikkatur
, A.
Leanhardt
, A.
Görlitz
, S.
Gupta
, D.
Pritchard
, and W.
Ketterle
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
88
, 020401
(2002
).20.
A. E.
Leanhardt
, A. P.
Chikkatur
, D.
Kielpinski
, Y.
Shin
, T. L.
Gustavson
, W.
Ketterle
, and D. E.
Pritchard
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
89
, 040401
(2002
).21.
A. P.
Chikkatur
et al, Science
296
, 2193
(2002
).22.
A. E.
Leanhardt
et al, Science
301
, 1513
(2003
).23.
A. E.
Leanhardt
, Y.
Shin
, A. P.
Chikkatur
, D.
Kielpinski
, W.
Ketterle
, and D. E.
Pritchard
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
90
, 100404
(2003
).24.
Y.
Shin
et al, Phys. Rev. Lett.
93
, 160406
(2004
).25.
T.
Pasquini
, Y.
Shin
, C.
Sanner
, M.
Saba
, A.
Schirotzek
, D.
Pritchard
, and W.
Ketterle
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
93
, 223201
(2004
).26.
Y.
Shin
, M.
Saba
, A.
Schirotzek
, T. A.
Pasquini
, A. E.
Leanhardt
, D. E.
Pritchard
, and W.
Ketterle
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
92
, 150401
(2004
).27.
Y.
Shin
, M.
Saba
, T.
Pasquini
, W.
Ketterle
, D.
Pritchard
, and A.
Leanhardt
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
92
, 050405
(2004
).28.
D.
Schneble
, Y.
Torii
, M.
Boyd
, E.
Streed
, D. E.
Pritchard
, and W.
Ketterle
, Science
300
, 475
(2003
).29.
D.
Schneble
, G. K.
Campbell
, E. W.
Streed
, M.
Boyd
, D. E.
Pritchard
, and W.
Ketterle
, Phys. Rev. A
69
, 041601
(2004
).30.
G.
Campbell
, A.
Leanhardt
, J.
Mun
, M.
Boyd
, E.
Streed
, W.
Ketterle
, and D.
Pritchard
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
94
, 170403
(2005
).31.
E.
Raab
, M.
Prentiss
, A.
Cable
, S.
Chu
, and D.
Pritchard
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
59
, 2631
(1987
).32.
J.
O’Hanlon
, A User’s Guide to Vacuum Technology
(Wiley-Interscience
, Hoboken, NJ, 1989
).33.
Simon Hanks of UKAEA, D4/05 Culham Science Center, Abingdon, UK.
34.
A. P.
Chikkatur
, Ph.D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
, 2002
;35.
H.
Pauly
and C.
Scoles
, Atomic and Molcular Beam Methods
(Oxford University Press
, Oxford, 1988
), Vol. 1
.36.
37.
38.
M.
Walkiewicz
, P.
Fox
, and R.
Scholten
, Rev. Sci. Instrum.
71
, 3342
(2000
).39.
W.
Phillips
and H.
Metcalf
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
48
, 596
(1982
).40.
T.
Barrett
, S.
Daporeschwartz
, M.
Ray
, and G.
Lafyatis
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
67
, 3483
(1991
).41.
C.
Slowe
, L.
Vernac
, and L. V.
Hau
, Rev. Sci. Instrum.
76
, 103101
(2005
).42.
Y.
Yoshikawa
, T.
Umeki
, T.
Mukae
, Y.
Torii
, and T.
Kuga
, Appl. Opt.
42
, 6645
(2003
).43.
C.
Pearman
, C.
Adams
, S.
Cox
, P.
Griffin
, D.
Smith
, and I.
Hughs
, J. Phys. B
35
, 5141
(2002
).44.
45.
D. M.
Stamper-Kurn
, Ph.D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
, 2000
;46.
IPG Photonics EAD and RLM series amplifiers.
47.
48.
J.
Bienfang
, C. A.
Denman
, B. W.
Grime
, P. D.
Hillman
, G. T.
Moore
, and J. M.
Telle
, Opt. Lett.
28
, 2219
(2003
).49.
R. J.
Thompson
, M.
Tu
, D. C.
Aveline
, N.
Lundblad
, and L.
Maleki
, Opt. Express
11
, 1709
(2003
).50.
S.
Shang
, B.
Sheehy
, P.
van der Straten
, and H.
Metcalf
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
67
, 1094
(1991
).51.
W.
Ketterle
, K.
Davis
, M.
Joffe
, A.
Martin
, and D.
Pritchard
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
70
, 2253
(1993
).52.
W.
Ketterle
and N.
van Druten
, in Advances in AMO Physics
, edited by B.
Bederson
and H.
Walther
(Academic
, San Diego, 1996
), Vol. 37
, p. 181
;53.
W.
Ketterle
, D. S.
Durfee
, and D. M.
Stamper-Kurn
, in Bose-Einstein Condensation in Atomic Gases
. Proceedings of the International School of Physics “Enrico Fermi” Course CXL
(IOS
, Amsterdam, 1999
);54.
Y.
Castin
and R.
Dum
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
77
, 5315
(1996
).55.
B.
Borca
, J. W.
Dunn
, V.
Kokoouline
, and C. H.
Greene
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
91
, 070404
(2003
).56.
J.
Schuster
, A.
Marte
, S.
Amtage
, B.
Sang
, G.
Rempe
, and H. C. W.
Beijerink
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
87
, 170404
(2001
).57.
E. A.
Burt
, R. W.
Ghrist
, C. J.
Myatt
, M. J.
Holland
, E. A.
Cornell
, and C. E.
Wieman
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
79
, 337
(1997
).58.
B.
Tolra
, K.
O’Hara
, J.
Huckans
, W.
Phillips
, S.
Rolston
, and J.
Porto
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
92
, 190401
(2003
).59.
D.
Harber
, H.
Lewandowski
, J.
McGuirk
, and E.
Cornell
, Phys. Rev. A
66
, 053616
(2002
).60.
A.
Görlitz
et al, Phys. Rev. Lett.
90
, 090401
(2003
).61.
S.
Inouye
, M.
Andrews
, J.
Stenger
, H. -J.
Miesner
, D.
Stamper-Kurn
, and W.
Ketterle
, Nature (London)
392
, 151
(1998
).62.
J.
Stenger
, S.
Inouye
, M.
Andrews
, H. -J.
Miesner
, D.
Stamper-Kurn
, and W.
Ketterle
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
82
, 2422
(1999
).63.
A.
Marte
, T.
Volz
, J.
Schuster
, S.
Durr
, G.
Rempe
, E. G. M.
van Kempen
, and B.
Verhaar
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
89
, 283202
(2002
).64.
D. S.
Durfee
, Ph.D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
, 1999
;65.
T.
Bergeman
, G.
Erez
, and H. J.
Metcalf
, Phys. Rev. A
35
, 1535
(1987
).66.
B. F.
Melton
and V. L.
Pollak
, J. Magn. Reson., Ser. A
122
, 42
(1996
).67.
D.
Montgomery
, Solenoid Magnet Design; The Magnetic and Mechanical Aspects of Resistive and Superconducting Systems
(Wiley-Interscience
, New York, 1969
).68.
C.
Samuelis
, E.
Tiesinga
, T.
Laue
, M.
Elbs
, H.
Knockel
, and E.
Tiemann
, Phys. Rev. A
63
, 012710
(2000
).69.
70.
H.
Metcalf
and P.
van der Straten
, Laser Cooling and Trapping
, Graduate Texts in Contemporary Physics
(Springer
, New York, 1999
).© 2006 American Institute of Physics.
2006
American Institute of Physics
You do not currently have access to this content.