A new precision analyzer yields digital readout of probability or probability density for random waveforms at low audio frequencies. A preamplifier‐limiter conveniently increases a half‐volt slicing interval to 20 v or more, and a sample‐hold circuit permits the slicer to work slowly and accurately. The use of analog computer techniques permits convenient assembly of such instruments from inexpensive commercial plug‐in amplifiers and decimal counters. Some statistical theory is also presented.

Topics
Amplifiers, Computer software, Statistical models, Computational methods
1.
A function y(x1,x2,⋯,xn of n sample values xk is an unbiased estimate of a theoretical parameter η if E{y} = η. y is a consistent estimate of η if Prob [|y(x1,x2,⋯,xn)−η|>ε]→0 for every positive ε as the sample size n increases. For a brief review of the theory of estimation, see e.g., G. A. Korn and T. M. Korn, Mathematical Handbook for Scientists and Engineers (McGraw‐Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1961).
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© 1961 The American Institute of Physics.
1961
The American Institute of Physics
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