Overall entropy balances and radial dynamics for thermodynamic entropy and conventional fluctuation entropy are investigated by means of newly derived coupled equations and the full-f gyrokinetic simulations for toroidal flux-driven ion-temperature-gradient turbulence. When the equations are integrated over the radial direction, in the quasi-steady state, fluctuation entropy production due to collisional dissipation in velocity space and thermodynamic entropy reduction due to energy input/output in real space are found to be balanced through the generation of a heat flux and associated phase mixing. The cross-correlation analysis indicates that collisional dissipation occurs after the formation of fine-scale structures by phase mixing, while there exists an in-phase relationship between thermodynamic entropy production due to profile relaxation and heat flux. However, when the radial dynamics are retained in the equations, this relationship is found to be violated in regions exhibiting heat avalanches. This is because the thermodynamic entropy is dominated by advection, leading to a time lag between heat flux and temperature variation.
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August 2021
Research Article|
August 12 2021
Gyrokinetic entropy balances and dynamics in toroidal flux-driven ITG turbulence
Mikiya Muto
;
Mikiya Muto
a)
1
Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University
, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: [email protected]
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Kenji Imadera;
Kenji Imadera
1
Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University
, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
2
Nonlinear/Non-equilibrium Plasma Science Research UNIT, Kyoto University
, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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Yasuaki Kishimoto
Yasuaki Kishimoto
1
Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University
, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
2
Nonlinear/Non-equilibrium Plasma Science Research UNIT, Kyoto University
, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: [email protected]
Phys. Plasmas 28, 082304 (2021)
Article history
Received:
May 06 2021
Accepted:
July 27 2021
Citation
Mikiya Muto, Kenji Imadera, Yasuaki Kishimoto; Gyrokinetic entropy balances and dynamics in toroidal flux-driven ITG turbulence. Phys. Plasmas 1 August 2021; 28 (8): 082304. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0056058
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