Magnetic holes are magnetoplasma structures very similar to the classical θ–pinch. They are widely observed in the space plasma and identified by the substantial magnetic field depressions on scales from magnetohydrodynamic range to electron scales. In this paper, we develop the kinetic models of cylindrically symmetric magnetic holes with sub-ion scales using two types of charged particle distribution functions (both current-carrying and background plasma populations are included). We demonstrate that developed magnetic holes have configurations very similar to those revealed in the recent spacecraft observations in the Earth magnetosphere: both localized electron currents and strong radial electric fields are found at the magnetic hole boundary. We demonstrate that for realistic plasma parameters, the inclusion of ion currents into the model produces magnetic holes with double-scale magnetic field profile. We find that the magnetic hole depth (amplitude of the magnetic field depression) depends on the magnetic hole typical radius. Possible applications of developed models are discussed.

1.
O. A.
Amariutei
,
S. N.
Walker
, and
T. L.
Zhang
,
Ann. Geophys.
29
,
717
722
(
2011
).
2.
M. A.
Balikhin
,
D. G.
Sibeck
,
A.
Runov
, and
S. N.
Walker
,
J. Geophys. Res.
117
,
A08229
, doi: (
2012
).
3.
W. L.
Brown
,
L. J.
Cahill
,
L. R.
Davis
,
C. E.
McIlwain
, and
C. S.
Roberts
,
J. Geophys. Res.
73
,
153
161
, doi: (
1968
).
4.
L. F.
Burlaga
and
J. F.
Lemaire
,
J. Geophys. Res.
83
,
5157
5160
, doi: (
1978
).
5.
L. F.
Burlaga
,
N. F.
Ness
, and
M. H.
Acuna
,
J. Geophys. Res.
112
,
A07106
, doi: (
2007
).
6.
F.
Califano
,
P.
Hellinger
,
E.
Kuznetsov
,
T.
Passot
,
P. L.
Sulem
, and
P. M.
Trávníček
,
J. Geophys. Res.
113
,
A08219
, doi: (
2008
).
7.
F.
Catapano
,
A. V.
Artemyev
,
G.
Zimbardo
, and
I. Y.
Vasko
,
Phys. Plasmas
22
(
9
),
092905
(
2015
).
8.
O. D.
Constantinescu
,
J. Atmos. Sol. - Terr. Phys.
64
,
645
649
(
2002
).
9.
R. C.
Davidson
,
Phys. Fluids
19
,
1189
1202
(
1976
).
10.
J.
De Keyser
,
M.
Echim
, and
M.
Roth
,
Ann. Geophys.
31
,
1297
1314
(
2013
).
11.
M.
Dobrowolny
,
B.
Bavassano
,
F.
Mariani
, and
N.
Ness
,
Sol. Phys.
62
,
203
220
(
1979
).
12.
R. J.
Fitzenreiter
and
L. F.
Burlaga
,
J. Geophys. Res.
83
,
5579
5585
, doi: (
1978
).
13.
Y. S.
Ge
,
J. P.
McFadden
,
J.
Raeder
,
V.
Angelopoulos
,
D.
Larson
, and
O. D.
Constantinescu
,
J. Geophys. Res.
116
,
A01209
, doi: (
2011
).
14.
D. J.
Gershman
,
J. C.
Dorelli
,
A. F.
Viñas
,
L. A.
Avanov
,
U.
Gliese
,
A. C.
Barrie
,
V.
Coffey
,
M.
Chandler
,
C.
Dickson
,
E. A.
MacDonald
,
C.
Salo
,
M.
Holland
,
Y.
Saito
,
J.-A.
Sauvaud
,
B.
Lavraud
,
W. R.
Paterson
,
R.
Torbert
,
L.-J.
Chen
,
K.
Goodrich
,
C. T.
Russell
,
R. J.
Strangeway
,
B. L.
Giles
,
C. J.
Pollock
,
T. E.
Moore
, and
J. L.
Burch
,
Geophys. Res. Lett.
43
,
4112
4118
, doi: (
2016
).
15.
K. A.
Goodrich
,
R. E.
Ergun
, and
J. E.
Stawarz
,
Geophys. Res. Lett.
43
,
6044
6050
, doi: (
2016
).
16.
K. A.
Goodrich
,
R. E.
Ergun
,
F. D.
Wilder
,
J.
Burch
,
R.
Torbert
,
Y.
Khotyaintsev
,
P.-A.
Lindqvist
,
C.
Russell
,
R.
Strangeway
,
W.
Magnes
,
D.
Gershman
,
B.
Giles
,
R.
Nakamura
,
J.
Stawarz
,
J.
Holmes
,
A.
Sturner
, and
D. M.
Malaspina
,
Geophys. Res. Lett.
43
,
5953
5959
, doi: (
2016
).
17.
E.
Harris
,
Nuovo Cimento
23
,
115
123
(
1962
).
18.
A.
Hasegawa
,
Phys. Fluids
12
,
2642
2650
(
1969
).
19.
C. T.
Haynes
,
D.
Burgess
,
E.
Camporeale
, and
T.
Sundberg
,
Phys. Plasmas
22
(
1
),
012309
(
2015
).
20.
J. R.
Johnson
and
C. Z.
Cheng
,
J. Geophys. Res.
102
,
7179
7190
, doi: (
1997
).
21.
N. N.
Komarov
and
V. M.
Fadeev
,
Sov. Phys. - JETP
14
(
2
),
378
381
(
1962
).
22.
E. A.
Kuznetsov
,
T.
Passot
,
V. P.
Ruban
, and
P. L.
Sulem
,
Phys. Plasmas
22
(
4
),
042114
(
2015
).
23.
E. A.
Kuznetsov
,
T.
Passot
, and
P. L.
Sulem
,
Phys. Rev. Lett.
98
(
23
),
235003
(
2007
).
24.
G.
Laval
,
R.
Pellat
, and
M.
Vuillemin
, “
Instabilités électromagnétiques des plasmas sans collisions (CN-21/71)
,” in
Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research
(
International Atomic Energy Agency
,
Vienna, Austria
,
1966
), Vol.
II
, pp.
259
277
.
25.
Z.-Y.
Li
,
W.-J.
Sun
,
X.-G.
Wang
,
Q.-Q.
Shi
,
C.-J.
Xiao
,
Z.-Y.
Pu
,
X.-F.
Ji
,
S.-T.
Yao
, and
S.-Y.
Fu
,
J. Geophys. Res.
121
,
4180
4190
, doi: (
2016
).
26.
R. L.
Morse
and
J. P.
Freidberg
,
Phys. Fluids
13
,
531
533
(
1970
).
27.
F.
Mottez
,
Phys. Plasmas
10
,
2501
2508
(
2003
).
28.
R.
Nicholson
,
Phys. Fluids
6
,
1581
1586
(
1963
).
29.
V.
Roytershteyn
,
H.
Karimabadi
, and
A.
Roberts
,
Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A
373
,
20140151
(
2015
).
30.
C. T.
Russell
,
L. K.
Jian
,
J. G.
Luhmann
,
T. L.
Zhang
,
F. M.
Neubauer
,
R. M.
Skoug
,
X.
Blanco-Cano
,
N.
Omidi
, and
M. M.
Cowee
,
Geophys. Res. Lett.
35
,
L15101
, doi: (
2008
).
31.
32.
K.
Schindler
,
Physics of Space Plasma Activity
(
Cambridge University Press
,
Cambridge
,
2006
).
33.
J.
Soucek
,
E.
Lucek
, and
I.
Dandouras
,
J. Geophys. Res.
113
,
A04203
, doi: (
2008
).
34.
W. J.
Sun
,
Q. Q.
Shi
,
S. Y.
Fu
,
Z. Y.
Pu
,
M. W.
Dunlop
,
A. P.
Walsh
,
Q. G.
Zong
,
T.
Xiao
,
C. L.
Tang
,
H.
Reme
,
C.
Carr
,
E.
Lucek
, and
A.
Fazakerley
,
Ann. Geophys.
30
,
583
595
(
2012
).
35.
T.
Sundberg
,
D.
Burgess
, and
C. T.
Haynes
,
J. Geophys. Res.
120
,
2600
2615
, doi: (
2015
).
36.
J. B.
Tao
,
R. E.
Ergun
,
L.
Andersson
,
J. W.
Bonnell
,
A.
Roux
,
O.
LeContel
,
V.
Angelopoulos
,
J. P.
McFadden
,
D. E.
Larson
,
C. M.
Cully
,
H.-U.
Auster
,
K.-H.
Glassmeier
,
W.
Baumjohann
,
D. L.
Newman
, and
M. V.
Goldman
,
J. Geophys. Res.
116
,
A11213
, doi: (
2011
).
37.
A.
Tenerani
,
F.
Califano
,
F.
Pegoraro
, and
O.
Le Contel
,
Phys. Plasmas
19
(
5
),
052103
(
2012
).
38.
A.
Tenerani
,
O. L.
Contel
,
F.
Califano
,
P.
Robert
,
D.
Fontaine
,
N.
Cornilleau-Wehrlin
, and
J.-A.
Sauvaud
,
J. Geophys. Res.
118
,
6072
6089
, doi: (
2013
).
39.
J. M.
Turner
,
L. F.
Burlaga
,
N. F.
Ness
, and
J. F.
Lemaire
,
J. Geophys. Res.
82
,
1921
1924
, doi: (
1977
).
40.
I. Y.
Vasko
,
O. V.
Agapitov
,
F.
Mozer
,
A. V.
Artemyev
, and
D.
Jovanovic
,
Geophys. Res. Lett.
42
,
2123
2129
, doi: (
2015
).
41.
P. H.
Yoon
and
A. T. Y.
Lui
,
J. Geophys. Res.
109
,
11213
(
2004
).
You do not currently have access to this content.