Defects on inertial confinement fusion capsule surfaces can seed hydrodynamic instability growth and adversely affect capsule performance. The dynamics of shocks launched during the early period of x-ray driven National Ignition Facility (NIF) implosions determine whether perturbations will grow inward or outward at peak implosion velocity and final compression. In particular, the strength of the first shock, launched at the beginning of the laser pulse, plays an important role in determining Richtmyer-Meshkov (RM) oscillations on the ablation front. These surface oscillations can couple to the capsule interior through subsequent shocks before experiencing Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) growth. We compare radiation hydrodynamic simulations of NIF implosions to analytic theories of the ablative RM and RT instabilities to illustrate how early time laser strength can alter peak velocity growth. We develop a model that couples the RM and RT implosion phases and captures key features of full simulations. We also show how three key parameters can control the modal demarcation between outward and inward growth.

1.
J. D.
Lindl
, “
Development of the indirect-drive approach to inertial confinement fusion and the target physics basis for ignition and gain
,”
Phys. Plasmas
2
(
11
),
3933
4024
(
1995
).
2.
J. D.
Lindl
,
P.
Amendt
,
R. L.
Berger
,
S. G.
Glendinning
,
S. H.
Glenzer
,
S. W.
Haan
,
R. L.
Kauffman
,
O. L.
Landen
, and
L. J.
Suter
, “
The physics basis for ignition using indirect-drive targets on the National Ignition Facility
,”
Phys. Plasmas
11
(
2
),
339
491
(
2004
).
3.
G. H.
Miller
,
E. I.
Moses
, and
C. R.
Wuest
, “
The National Ignition Facility
,”
Opt. Eng.
43
(
12
),
2841
2853
(
2004
).
4.
S. P.
Regan
,
R.
Epstein
,
B. A.
Hammel
,
L. J.
Suter
,
J.
Ralph
,
H.
Scott
,
M. A.
Barrios
,
D. K.
Bradley
,
D. A.
Callahan
,
C.
Cerjan
,
G. W.
Collins
,
S. N.
Dixit
,
T.
Doeppner
,
M. J.
Edwards
,
D. R.
Farley
,
S.
Glenn
,
S. H.
Glenzer
,
I. E.
Golovkin
,
S. W.
Haan
,
A.
Hamza
,
D. G.
Hicks
,
N.
Izumi
,
J. D.
Kilkenny
,
J. L.
Kline
,
G. A.
Kyrala
,
O. L.
Landen
,
T.
Ma
,
J. J.
MacFarlane
,
R. C.
Mancini
,
R. L.
McCrory
,
N. B.
Meezan
,
D. D.
Meyerhofer
,
A.
Nikroo
,
K. J.
Peterson
,
T. C.
Sangster
,
P.
Springer
, and
R. P. J.
Town
, “
Hot-spot mix in ignition-scale implosions on the NIF
,”
Phys. Plasmas
19
(
5
),
056307
(
2012
).
5.
T.
Ma
,
P. K.
Patel
,
N.
Izumi
,
P. T.
Springer
, and
M. H.
Key
 et al., “
Onset of hydrodynamic mix in high-velocity, highly compressed inertial confinement fusion implosions
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
111
(
8
),
085004
(
2013
).
6.
R. D.
Richtmyer
, “
Taylor instability in shock acceleration of compressible fluids
,”
Commun. Pure Appl. Math.
13
(
2
),
297
319
(
1960
).
7.
E. E.
Meshkov
, “
Instability of the interface of two gases accelerated by a shock wave
,”
Fluid Dyn.
4
,
101
104
(
1969
).
8.
Lord Rayleigh
, “
Investigation of the character of the equilibrium of an incompressible heavy fluid of variable density
,”
Proc. London Math. Soc.
s1-14
(
1
),
170
177
(
1882
).
9.
G.
Taylor
, “
The instability of liquid surfaces when accelerated in a direction perpendicular to their planes. I
,”
Proc. Roy. Soc. London Ser., A
201
(
1065
),
192
196
(
1950
).
10.
S. W.
Haan
,
J. D.
Lindl
,
D. A.
Callahan
,
D. S.
Clark
,
J. D.
Salmonson
,
B. A.
Hammel
,
L. J.
Atherton
,
R. C.
Cook
,
M. J.
Edwards
,
S.
Glenzer
,
A. V.
Hamza
,
S. P.
Hatchett
,
M. C.
Herrmann
,
D. E.
Hinkel
,
D. D.
Ho
,
H.
Huang
,
O. S.
Jones
,
J.
Kline
,
G.
Kyrala
,
O. L.
Landen
,
B. J.
MacGowan
,
M. M.
Marinak
,
D. D.
Meyerhofer
,
J. L.
Milovich
,
K. A.
Moreno
,
E. I.
Moses
,
D. H.
Munro
,
A.
Nikroo
,
R. E.
Olson
,
K.
Peterson
,
S. M.
Pollaine
,
J. E.
Ralph
,
H. F.
Robey
,
B. K.
Spears
,
P. T.
Springer
,
L. J.
Suter
,
C. A.
Thomas
,
R. P.
Town
,
R.
Vesey
,
S. V.
Weber
,
H. L.
Wilkens
, and
D. C.
Wilson
, “
Point design targets, specifications, and requirements for the 2010 ignition campaign on the National Ignition Facility
,”
Phys. Plasmas
18
(
5
),
051001
(
2011
).
11.
K. S.
Raman
,
V. A.
Smalyuk
,
D. T.
Casey
,
S. W.
Haan
,
D. E.
Hoover
,
O. A.
Hurricane
,
J. J.
Kroll
,
A.
Nikroo
,
J. L.
Peterson
,
B. A.
Remington
,
H. F.
Robey
,
D. S.
Clark
,
B. A.
Hammel
,
O. L.
Landen
,
M.
Marinak
,
D. H.
Munro
,
K. J.
Peterson
, and
J. D.
Salmonson
, “
An in-flight radiography platform to measure hydrodynamic instability growth in inertial confinement fusion capsules at the National Ignition Facility
,”
Phys. Plasmas
21
,
072710
(
2014
).
12.
B. A.
Hammel
,
S. W.
Haan
,
D. S.
Clark
,
M. J.
Edwards
,
S. H.
Langer
,
M. M.
Marinak
,
M. V.
Patel
,
J. D.
Salmonson
, and
H. A.
Scott
, “
High-mode Rayleigh-Taylor growth in NIF ignition capsules
,”
High Energy Density Phys.
6
(
2
),
171
178
(
2010
).
13.
B. A.
Hammel
,
H. A.
Scott
,
S. P.
Regan
,
C.
Cerjan
,
D. S.
Clark
,
M. J.
Edwards
,
R.
Epstein
,
S. H.
Glenzer
,
S. W.
Haan
,
N.
Izumi
,
J. A.
Koch
,
G. A.
Kyrala
,
O. L.
Landen
,
S. H.
Langer
,
K.
Peterson
,
V. A.
Smalyuk
,
L. J.
Suter
, and
D. C.
Wilson
, “
Diagnosing and controlling mix in National Ignition Facility implosion experiments
,”
Phys. Plasmas
18
(
5
),
056310
(
2011
).
14.
D. S.
Clark
,
S. W.
Haan
,
B. A.
Hammel
,
J. D.
Salmonson
,
D. A.
Callahan
, and
R. P. J.
Town
, “
Plastic ablator ignition capsule design for the National Ignition Facility
,”
Phys. Plasmas
17
(
5
),
052703
(
2010
).
15.
D. S.
Clark
,
S. W.
Haan
,
A. W.
Cook
,
M. J.
Edwards
,
B. A.
Hammel
,
J. M.
Koning
, and
M. M.
Marinak
, “
Short-wavelength and three-dimensional instability evolution in National Ignition Facility ignition capsule designs
,”
Phys. Plasmas
18
(
8
),
082701
(
2011
).
16.
A. L.
Kritcher
,
R.
Town
,
D.
Bradley
,
D.
Clark
,
B.
Spears
,
O.
Jones
,
S.
Haan
,
P. T.
Springer
,
J.
Lindl
,
R. H. H.
Scott
,
D.
Callahan
,
M. J.
Edwards
, and
O. L.
Landen
, “
Metrics for long wavelength asymmetries in inertial confinement fusion implosions on the National Ignition Facility
,”
Phys. Plasmas
21
,
042708
(
2014
).
17.
M. M.
Marinak
,
R. E.
Tipton
,
O. L.
Landen
,
T. J.
Murphy
,
P.
Amendt
,
S. W.
Haan
,
S. P.
Hatchett
,
C. J.
Keane
,
R.
McEachern
, and
R.
Wallace
, “
Three-dimensional simulations of Nova high growth factor capsule implosion experiments
,”
Phys. Plasmas
3
(
5
),
2070
2076
(
1996
).
18.
V. N.
Goncharov
,
O. V.
Gotchev
,
E.
Vianello
,
T. R.
Boehly
,
J. P.
Knauer
,
P. W.
McKenty
,
P. B.
Radha
,
S. P.
Regan
,
T. C.
Sangster
,
S.
Skupsky
,
V. A.
Smalyuk
,
R.
Betti
,
R. L.
McCrory
,
D. D.
Meyerhofer
, and
C.
Cherfils-Clérouin
, “
Early stage of implosion in inertial confinement fusion: Shock timing and perturbation evolution
,”
Phys. Plasmas
13
(
1
),
012702
(
2006
).
19.
R.
Betti
,
V. N.
Goncharov
,
R. L.
McCrory
, and
C. P.
Verdon
, “
Growth rates of the ablative Rayleigh–Taylor instability in inertial confinement fusion
,”
Phys. Plasmas
5
(
5
),
1446
1454
(
1998
).
20.
K. O.
Mikaelian
, “
Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities in stratified fluids
,”
Phys. Rev. A
31
,
410
419
(
1985
).
21.
D. T.
Casey
,
V. A.
Smalyuk
,
K.
Raman
,
J. L.
Peterson
,
L. B.
Hopkins
,
D. A.
Callahan
,
D. S.
Clark
,
E. L.
Dewald
,
T. R.
Dittrich
,
S. W.
Haan
,
D. E.
Hinkel
,
D.
Hoover
,
O.
Hurricane
,
J. J.
Kroll
,
O. L.
Landen
,
A.
Moore
,
A.
Nikroo
,
H.-S.
Park
,
B. A.
Remington
,
H. F.
Robey
,
J. R.
Rygg
,
J. D.
Salmonson
,
R.
Tommasini
, and
K.
Widmann
, “
Reduced instability growth with high adiabat (“high foot”) implosions at the National Ignition Facility
,”
Phys. Rev. E
90
,
011102(R)
(
2014
).
22.
V. A.
Smalyuk
,
D. T.
Casey
,
D. S.
Clark
,
M. J.
Edwards
,
S. W.
Haan
,
A.
Hamza
,
D. E.
Hoover
,
W. W.
Hsing
,
O.
Hurricane
,
J. D.
Kilkenny
,
J.
Kroll
,
O. L.
Landen
,
A.
Moore
,
A.
Nikroo
,
L.
Peterson
,
K.
Raman
,
B. A.
Remington
,
H. F.
Robey
,
S. V.
Weber
, and
K.
Widmann
, “
First measurements of hydrodynamic instability growth in indirectly driven implosions at ignition-relevant conditions on the National Ignition Facility
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
112
,
185003
(
2014
).
23.
V. A.
Smalyuk
,
M. A.
Barrios
,
J. A.
Caggiano
,
D. T.
Casey
,
C. J.
Cerjan
,
D. S.
Clark
,
M. J.
Edwards
,
J. A.
Frenje
,
M.
Gatu-Johnson
,
V. Y.
Glebov
,
G.
Grim
,
S. W.
Haan
,
B. A.
Hammel
,
A.
Hamza
,
D. E.
Hoover
,
W. W.
Hsing
,
O.
Hurricane
,
J. D.
Kilkenny
,
J. L.
Kline
,
J. P.
Knauer
,
J.
Kroll
,
O. L.
Landen
,
J. D.
Lindl
,
T.
Ma
,
J. M.
McNaney
,
M.
Mintz
,
A.
Moore
,
A.
Nikroo
,
T.
Parham
,
J. L.
Peterson
,
R.
Petrasso
,
L.
Pickworth
,
J. E.
Pino
,
K.
Raman
,
S. P.
Regan
,
B. A.
Remington
,
H. F.
Robey
,
D. P.
Rowley
,
D. B.
Sayre
,
R. E.
Tipton
,
S. V.
Weber
,
K.
Widmann
,
D. C.
Wilson
, and
C. B.
Yeamans
, “
Hydrodynamic instability growth and mix experiments at the National Ignition Facility
,”
Phys. Plasmas
21
,
056301
(
2014
).
24.
D. S.
Clark
,
D. E.
Hinkel
,
D. C.
Eder
,
O. S.
Jones
,
S. W.
Haan
,
B. A.
Hammel
,
M. M.
Marinak
,
J. L.
Milovich
,
H. F.
Robey
,
L. J.
Suter
, and
R. P. J.
Town
, “
Detailed implosion modeling of deuterium-tritium layered experiments on the National Ignition Facility
,”
Phys. Plasmas
20
,
056318
(
2013
).
You do not currently have access to this content.