The dispersive effects of vacuum polarization on the propagation of a strong circularly polarized electromagnetic wave through a cold collisional plasma are studied analytically. It is found that, due to the singular dielectric features of the plasma, the vacuum effects on the wave propagation in a plasma are qualitatively different and much larger than those in pure vacuum in the regime when the frequency of the propagating wave approaches the plasma frequency. A possible experimental setup to detect these effects in plasma is described.

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The previous considerations hold at zero chemical potential. The effects of the chemical potential are more difficult to estimate because there are no expressions available for the two-loop effective Lagrangian at finite temperature and finite chemical potential. In this case, we proceed by estimating the chemical potential as that of an ideal gas, μ=kBTln[N(2πmekBT)32] (Ref. 47). At the densities we will be interested in 1023cm3 and at temperatures such that kBT100ω with ω in the optical regime [see the conditions below Eq. (11) on the laser frequency] then μkBT and it is sensible to assume that as for the temperature also the effects of the chemical potential can be neglected.

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Since we are also considering the VPEs perturbatively up to first order in δvac it would be more correct to also set δvac=0. Nevertheless, the VPEs do not affect the zero-order Lorentz factors γ0,λ that are the only dynamical quantities entering the collision frequency because p0=meγ0,e21.

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