This study proposed a novel framework for assessing fatigue life of parallel steel wire cables (PSWCs) subjected to high-order vortex-induced vibrations (H-VIVs). Field measurements of H-VIVs on the PSWCs of the Hengmen west waterway bridge's PSWCs are first conducted. A dimensionless bending coefficient, k = n·A/L (where n is the VIVs mode, A is the VIVs amplitude, and L is the cable length), is introduced to unify the multiple influencing parameters and characterize the behavior of H-VIVs. Subsequently, numerical simulations are carried out to analyze the stress characteristics of the PSWCs. Based on the simulation results, the traditional S-N curve is transformed into a novel k-N curve. Finally, a fatigue life assessment framework is developed using Palmgren–Miner's rule. The results demonstrate that the bending coefficient k effectively links the traditional S-N curve with H-VIV-induced fatigue damage and reveals the distribution characteristics of H-VIVs. During H-VIVs, the PSWC conforms to the plane section assumption, and its fatigue characteristics are primarily determined by the fatigue properties of individual steel wires. Moreover, corroded PSWCs face a significant risk of fatigue failure, whereas those without corrosion have a sufficient lifespan.
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