The high-speed trains traveling at 400 km/h will generate severe alternating pressure and potential sonic boom when passing through tunnels. This paper proposed foam metal hoods (FMH) to mitigate the pressure waves induced by trains traversing tunnels. 1:20 scaled moving-model experiments were conducted to investigate the mitigation mechanisms of FMH on micro-pressure waves (MPW), residual pressure, and aerodynamic loads on the train and tunnel. The impact of FMH's installation position and length on MPW and residual pressure were discussed. The results indicate that the entrance FMH can weaken the expansion wave generated by the tail train entering the tunnel, thereby reducing the pressure amplitude on the train surface and tunnel wall. FMH can reduce the reflection intensity of pressure waves, effectively lowering the root mean square (RMS) of residual pressure. Installing FMH at both ends can reduce the RMS of residual pressure in the middle of the tunnel by 25%. The exit FMH enables the initial wavefront to gradually release pressure outward, thereby reducing MPW intensity. The radiation range of the MPW iso-surface is narrowed by energy consumption as the wavefront passes through the porous structures. The mitigation ratio of MPW intensifies as the length of the exit FMH increases. Using a 4-m-long exit FMH can decrease the MPW amplitude by 83.2% at 20 m from the FMH exit. The FMH facilitates a low-noise environment near tunnel portals, reducing the aerodynamic loads on the tunnel structures, and mitigating the train aerodynamic loads.
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Impact of foam metal hoods on pressure waves generated by high-speed trains traversing tunnels
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January 2025
Research Article|
January 06 2025
Impact of foam metal hoods on pressure waves generated by high-speed trains traversing tunnels
Special Collection:
Flow and Civil Structures
Kai-Wen Wang (王凯文)
;
Kai-Wen Wang (王凯文)
(Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Software, Validation, Writing – original draft)
1
Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education, School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University
, Changsha 410075, China
2
Joint International Research Laboratory of Key Technology for Rail Traffic Safety, Central South University
, Changsha 410075, China
3
National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Safety Technology for Rail Vehicle, Central South University
, Changsha 410075, China
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Xiao-Hui Xiong (熊小慧)
;
Xiao-Hui Xiong (熊小慧)
(Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Writing – review & editing)
1
Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education, School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University
, Changsha 410075, China
2
Joint International Research Laboratory of Key Technology for Rail Traffic Safety, Central South University
, Changsha 410075, China
3
National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Safety Technology for Rail Vehicle, Central South University
, Changsha 410075, China
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Chih-Yung Wen (溫志湧)
;
Chih-Yung Wen (溫志湧)
(Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing)
4
Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Guang Chen (陈光)
;
Guang Chen (陈光)
a)
(Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing)
1
Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education, School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University
, Changsha 410075, China
2
Joint International Research Laboratory of Key Technology for Rail Traffic Safety, Central South University
, Changsha 410075, China
3
National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Safety Technology for Rail Vehicle, Central South University
, Changsha 410075, China
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: [email protected]
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Xi-Feng Liang (梁习锋)
;
Xi-Feng Liang (梁习锋)
(Conceptualization, Funding acquisition)
1
Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education, School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University
, Changsha 410075, China
2
Joint International Research Laboratory of Key Technology for Rail Traffic Safety, Central South University
, Changsha 410075, China
3
National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Safety Technology for Rail Vehicle, Central South University
, Changsha 410075, China
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Lei Zhang (张雷)
;
Lei Zhang (张雷)
(Data curation, Investigation)
1
Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education, School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University
, Changsha 410075, China
2
Joint International Research Laboratory of Key Technology for Rail Traffic Safety, Central South University
, Changsha 410075, China
3
National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Safety Technology for Rail Vehicle, Central South University
, Changsha 410075, China
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Xiao-Bai Li (李小白)
Xiao-Bai Li (李小白)
(Investigation, Writing – review & editing)
1
Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education, School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University
, Changsha 410075, China
2
Joint International Research Laboratory of Key Technology for Rail Traffic Safety, Central South University
, Changsha 410075, China
3
National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Safety Technology for Rail Vehicle, Central South University
, Changsha 410075, China
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a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: [email protected]
Physics of Fluids 37, 016108 (2025)
Article history
Received:
October 25 2024
Accepted:
December 13 2024
Citation
Kai-Wen Wang, Xiao-Hui Xiong, Chih-Yung Wen, Guang Chen, Xi-Feng Liang, Lei Zhang, Xiao-Bai Li; Impact of foam metal hoods on pressure waves generated by high-speed trains traversing tunnels. Physics of Fluids 1 January 2025; 37 (1): 016108. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0245283
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