We present a variant of the immersed boundary (IB) method that implements acoustic perturbation theory to model acoustically levitated fluid droplets. Instead of resolving sound waves numerically, our hybrid method solves acoustic scattering semi-analytically to obtain the corresponding time-averaged acoustic forces on the droplet. This framework allows the droplet to be simulated on inertial timescales of interest, and therefore works with much larger time steps than traditional compressible flow solvers. To benchmark this technique and demonstrate its utility, we implement the hybrid IB method for a single droplet in a standing wave. Simulated droplet shape deformations and streaming profiles agree with available theoretical predictions. Our simulations also yield insights into the streaming profiles for elliptical droplets, for which a comprehensive analytic solution does not yet exist.
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September 2024
Research Article|
September 10 2024
Dynamics of an acoustically levitated fluid droplet captured by a low-order immersed boundary method
Jacqueline B. Sustiel
;
Jacqueline B. Sustiel
(Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing)
Department of Physics and Center for Soft Matter Research, New York University
, New York, New York 10003, USA
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David G. Grier
David G. Grier
a)
(Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing)
Department of Physics and Center for Soft Matter Research, New York University
, New York, New York 10003, USA
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: david.grier@nyu.edu
Search for other works by this author on:
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: david.grier@nyu.edu
Physics of Fluids 36, 092108 (2024)
Article history
Received:
June 17 2024
Accepted:
August 18 2024
Citation
Jacqueline B. Sustiel, David G. Grier; Dynamics of an acoustically levitated fluid droplet captured by a low-order immersed boundary method. Physics of Fluids 1 September 2024; 36 (9): 092108. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0223790
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