Utilizing artificial intelligence methods for blood flow pressure estimation can significantly enhance the computational speed of blood flow pressure. However, current related research can only calculate the blood flow pressure parameters of vessels with different geometric shapes under fixed boundary conditions, thus fail to achieve transient flow field calculation and consider the hemodynamic differences formed by patients' varying physiological and pathological conditions. In view of this, this study proposes a method for relative pressure estimation based on four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging (4D flow MRI) of patient blood flow and deep learning. 4D flow MRI was used to obtain the patient's blood flow velocity gradient data, and feature engineering processing is performed on the sampled data. Then, a novel neural network was proposed to acquire the characteristic relationship between velocity gradient and pressure gradient in the vicinity of the point to be measured and within adjacent sampling time periods, thereby achieving the calculation of the relative pressure in the vicinity of the point to be measured. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy of the method, comparing it with computational fluid dynamics methods and catheter pressure measurement techniques. The accuracy of the proposed method exceeded 96%, while computational efficiency was improved by several tens of times, and no manual setting of physiological parameters was required. Furthermore, the results were compared with clinical catheter-measured pressure results, r2 = 0.9053, indicating a significant consistency between the two methods. Compared to previous research, the method proposed in this study can take the blood flow velocity conditions of different patients at different times as input features via 4D flow MRI, thus enabling the calculation of pressure in transient flow fields, which significantly improved computational efficiency and reduced costs while maintaining a high level of calculation accuracy. This provides new direction for future research on machine learning prediction of blood flow pressure.
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