In this study, circular and drop-shaped pin-fins were employed to investigate the influence of pin-fins on the thermal behavior and flow characteristics of finned tubes using a combination of experimental and numerical methods. The configuration of in-line pin-fins was analyzed and compared with that of a smooth tube. The analysis covered Reynolds numbers spanning from Re = 7.03 × 103 to 35.17 × 103. Thermal and hydraulic contours were depicted. Two methodologies were utilized to assess the overall performance. The outcomes demonstrated that the average Nusselt number for the finned tubes equipped with drop and circular pin-fins rose by approximately 50.03%–93.1% and 59.59%–77.08%, respectively, in comparison to the smooth circular tube. Moreover, the drop-shaped pin-fins on the tube displayed a reduced friction factor, leading to a reduction of 1.36%–7.95% in comparison to the circular counterpart. Furthermore, both drop and circular pin-fins on the tubes exhibited approximately 2.93%–54.89% and 7.33%–37.1% higher efficiency, respectively, compared to the smooth tube. Generalized correlations were developed to compute the Nusselt number, friction factor, and effectiveness in relation to the Reynolds number, with the aim of providing guidance for future research and design efforts in heat exchangers incorporating pin-fin tubes. The utilization of tubes featuring drop-shaped pin-fins plays a significant role in energy conservation.
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