Cross-zero expansion coefficient Rayleigh–Bénard–Marangoni (CRBM) convection refers to the convective phenomenon where thermal convection with stratified positive and negative expansion coefficients in a liquid layer is coupled with the Marangoni convection. In the Bénard convection, fluids with a cross-zero expansion coefficient contain a neutral expansion layer where the expansion coefficient (α) is zero, and the local buoyancy-driven convection is coupled with the Marangoni convection, leading to unique flow instability phenomena. This paper uses linear stability theory to analyze the CRBM convection in a horizontal liquid layer under a vertical temperature gradient and performs numerical calculations for fluids under different Bond numbers (Bd) in both bottom-heated and bottom-cooled models, obtaining the critical destabilization conditions and modes. In the bottom-heated model, different combinations of buoyancy instability mechanism (BIM), tension instability mechanism, and coupled instability mechanism (CIM) appear depending on the dimensionless temperature for the neutral expansion layer ( ) and the Bd. In the bottom-cooled model, two mechanisms occur according to the variation of : BIM and CIM.
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