Savonius hydrokinetic turbines (SHTs), categorized as emerging cyclic-type wave energy converters (WECs), have demonstrated notable potential in achieving elevated energy conversion efficiency and consistent power output. This performance is particularly observed when operating under the initial phase-locked strategy (IPLS), marking a significant advancement in the realm of wave energy harvesting. However, a thorough exploration of the influences stemming from wave conditions and turbine design remains an area that warrants further investigation for advancing the performance of SHT-WECs under the proper operational strategy. This study undertakes an exhaustive analysis of geometric parameters, encompassing turbine diameter, blade number, and thickness. An experiment-validated numerical model based on the unsteady two-phase Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations is adopted in the research. Comprehensive investigations include analyses of flow fields around the turbine, pressure distributions on blade surfaces, and dynamic torque variations. These analyses serve to elucidate the variation rules of hydrodynamic characteristics and their influential mechanisms. The results highlight the notable impact of the proposed “relative-short wavelength impact” on the performance of SHT-WECs operating under IPLS conditions. Notably, no significant impact is observed when the relative wavelength exceeds 17. Optimal performance is achieved with the thinnest and two-bladed turbine configuration. Moreover, optimizing the turbine diameter significantly enhances SHT-WEC conversion efficiency, with the attained maximum value reaching approximately 18.6%. This study offers a concise guideline for designing turbine diameters in alignment with specific wave conditions.
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