Numerical simulation of an electromagnetic squeezing hybrid nanofluid flow through permeable plates with sensor monitoring system

The primary aim of this study is to examine the effect of squeezing hybrid nanofluids copper and magnetite with water flow across a horizontal surface under the impact of magnetic and radiative effects, which has extensive applications in the field of biomedical engineering and nanotechnology. Additionally, a microcantilever sensor is placed between the horizontal surfaces to surveil the flow behaviors. The equations pertaining to momentum and energy are reconstructed into a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). These ODEs are subsequently solved through a numerical approach, wherein the bvp4c solver from MATLAB is utilized. This solver employs a collocation technique for the numerical solution. As a result, the solutions acquired for velocity and temperature are graphically displayed for different parameters, including volume fraction of nanoparticles, squeezing flow index parameter (b), magnetic parameter (⁠ $M)$⁠, permeable velocity parameter $( f 0)$⁠, radiation parameter $R$⁠, and Prandtl number $(Pr)$⁠. It has been observed that increasing the magnetic effect as well as the volume fraction of nanoparticles strengthens the flow effect. In contrast, increasing the squeezing and permeable velocity parameter impedes the flow. When there is an increase in a permeable velocity parameter, the temperature shoots up, and the cooling effect is spotted in the temperature profile, when the Prandtl number and magnetic and squeezing parameters are raised. This investigation upholds the significance of drag reduction, flow instabilities, fluid structure interactions, and heat transfer effectiveness by virtue of wall shear stress, squeezing flow index parameter, various hybrid nanofluids, and Nusselt number, respectively. A considerable comparative study has been made for the validation of current results.