The shear flow on the large-scale gas–water wall inside a ventilated supercavity exhibits gas entrainment mode and determines the change law of the supercavity's gas loss, significantly impacting the shape and dynamics of the supercavity. Therefore, to develop an accurate prediction model and a ventilation control method for a supercavity under complex motion conditions, it is required to systematically and quantitatively study the shear flow characteristics and rules. This study calculates and comparatively analyzes the shear layers on either side of the supercavity wall based on numerical simulations of ventilated supercavitating flows in an unbounded field using the gas–vapor–water multi-fluid model. It is shown that the external shear layer with a very irregular outer boundary is considerably thinner than the internal shear layer. We further analyze the flow and distribution characteristics of all the phases in the shear layers with and without the influence of gravity. Our analysis confirms that all the phases exhibit a similar velocity change rule along the supercavity radial direction in the shear layer, whereas gas and water phases exhibit opposite radial phase distribution trends. It was also seen when natural cavitation occurs that the vapor phase is mainly distributed in the head of the supercavity. Moreover, at the same radial position, it was seen that the vapor velocity was higher than the gas velocity and slightly lower than the water velocity. Using the shear flow and phase distribution characteristics, a shear-layer gas loss model is established and validated for ventilated supercavitating flows.
REFERENCES
1.
G. V.
Logvinovich
, Hydrodynamics of Flows with Free Boundaries
(
Naukova Dumka
,
Kiev, Ukraine
, 1969
) (in Russian).2.
S. L.
Ceccio
, “
Friction drag reduction of external flows with bubble and gas injection
,” Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.
42
, 183
–203
(2010
).3.
C.
Qi
,
X.
Wang
, and
X. J.
Lyu
, “
On the flow characteristics of two supercavitating projectiles moving in water side-by-side
,” Phys. Fluids
35
, 017127
(2023
).4.
X. Y.
Hu
,
Y. J.
Wei
, and
C.
Wang
, “
Study on high-speed water entry of the projectile passing through an ice hole in a low-temperature environment based on a modified thermodynamic cavitation model
,” Phys. Fluids
35
, 017128
(2023
).5.
E.
Kawakami
and
R. E. A.
Arndt
, “
Investigation of the behavior of ventilated supercavities
,” J. Fluids Eng.
133
, 091305
(2011
).6.
Y. H.
Jiang
,
S. Y.
Shao
, and
J. R.
Hong
, “
Experimental investigation of ventilated supercavitation with gas jet cavitator
,” Phys. Fluids
30
(1
), 012103
(2018
).7.
IN.
Kirschner
and
S. H.
Arzoumanian
, “
Implementation and extension of Paryshev's model of cavity dynamics
,” in International Conference on Innovative Approaches to Further Increase Speed of Fast Marine Vehicles, Moving above, under and in Water Surface (SuperFAST'2008), Saint-Petersburg, Russia
(2008
).8.
V. V.
Serebryakov
, “
Physical-mathematical bases of the principle of independence of cavity expansion
,” in Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Cavitation, Ann Arbor, MI
, No. 169 (2009
).9.
W.
Zou
,
H.
Liu
, and
L. P.
Xue
, “
Three-dimensional ventilated supercavity on a maneuvering trajectory
,” Ocean Eng.
122
, 97
–104
(2016
).10.
E. V.
Paryshev
, “
Mathematical modeling of unsteady cavity flows
,” in Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Cavitation (CAV 03-OS-7-014), Osaka, Japan
(2003
).11.
Y. N.
Savchenko
, “
Experimental investigation of supercavitating motion of bodies
,” in RTO AVT Lecture Series on Supercavitating Flows
(
Von Karman Institute
,
Brussels, Belgium
, 2001
).12.
J. W.
Lindau
and
R. F.
Kunz
, “
Advancement and Application of Multiphase CFD Modeling to High Speed Supercavitating Flows
,” DTIC Document (
Pennsylvania State University Park Applied Research Lab
,
Pennsylvania
, 2004
).13.
Q. T.
Lee
,
L. P.
Xue
, and
Y. S.
He
, “
Experimental study of ventilated supercavities with a dynamic pitching model
,” J. Hydrodyn. Ser. B
20
(4
), 456
–460
(2008
).14.
K. P.
Yu
,
G.
Zhang
,
J. J.
Zhou
,
W.
Zou
, and
Z. W.
Li
, “
Numerical study of the pitching motions of supercavitating vehicles
,” J. Hydrodyn. Ser. B
24
(6
), 951
–958
(2012
).15.
C.
Xu
and
B. C.
Khoo
, “
Dynamics of the supercavitating hydrofoil with cavitator in steady flow field
,” Phys. Fluids
32
(12
), 123307
(2020
).16.
W.
Zou
and
B. L.
Wang
, “
Longitudinal maneuvering motions of the supercavitating vehicle
,” Eur. J. Mech. B
81
, 105
–113
(2020
).17.
W.
Zou
,
T. X.
Liu
,
Y. K.
Shi
, and
J. X.
Wang
, “
Analysis of motion characteristics of a controllable ventilated supercavitating vehicle under accelerations
,” ASME J. Fluids Eng.
143
, 111204
(2021
).18.
A.
Karn
,
R. E. A.
Arndt
, and
J. R.
Hong
, “
An experimental investigation into supercavity closure mechanisms
,” J. Fluid Mech.
789
, 259
–284
(2016
).19.
I. J.
Campbell
and
D. V.
Hilborne
, “
Air entrainment behind artificially inflated cavities
,” in 2nd Symposium on Cavitation on Naval Hydrodynamics, Washington, D.C.
(1958
).20.
W.
Zou
,
K. P.
Yu
,
R. E. A.
Arndt
,
G.
Zhang
, and
Z. W.
Li
, “
On the shedding of the ventilated supercavity with velocity disturbance
,” Ocean Eng.
57
, 223
–229
(2013
).21.
G. M.
Skidmore
,
T. A.
Brungart
,
J. W.
Lindau
, and
M. J.
Moeny
, “
A method of mitigating pulsation in ventilated supercavities
,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser.
656
, 012170
(2015
).22.
S. Y.
Shao
,
J. Q.
Li
,
K.
Yoon
, and
J. R.
Hong
, “
Probing into gas leakage characteristics of ventilated supercavity through bubbly wake measurement
,” Ocean Eng.
245
, 110457
(2022
).23.
Y. N.
Savchenko
and
G. Y.
Savchenko
, Gas Flows in Ventilated Supercavities, Supercavitation
(
Springer
,
Berlin
, 2012
).24.
M. P.
Kinzel
,
J. W.
Lindau
, and
R. F.
Kunz
, “
Air entrainment mechanisms from artificial supercavities: Insight based on numerical simulations
,” in Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Cavitation, Ann Arbor, MI
, No. 136 (2009
).25.
W.
Zou
and
X.
Zhang
, “
Shear layer on a ventilated supercavity wall
,” Int. J. Multiphase Flow
135
, 103504
(2021
).26.
J. H.
Spurk
, “
On the gas loss from ventilated supercavities
,” Acta Mech.
155
, 125
–135
(2002
).27.
IN.
Kirschner
,
M. J.
Money
,
M. H.
Krane
, and
M. P.
Kinzel
, “
Jet-Supercavity interaction: Insights from physics analysis
,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser.
656
, 012156
(2015
).28.
M. P.
Kinzel
,
M. H.
Krane
,
I. N.
Kirschner
, and
M. J.
Moeny
, “
A numerical assessment of the interaction of a supercavitating flow with a gas jet
,” Ocean Eng.
136
, 304
–313
(2017
).29.
M.
Xiang
,
H. C.
Zhou
,
X. Y.
Zhao
, and
B.
Liu
, “
Transient dynamics analysis for the ventilated supercavity under the action of tail jetting flow
,” Acta Mech. Sin.
38
, 321365
(2022
).30.
Q.
Yang
,
H.
Xu
,
Y. G.
Li
,
W. H.
Zhang
,
Y. J.
Wei
, and
C.
Wang
, “
Topology and cavitation number characteristics of the gaseous jet-induced tail cavity under co-flow
,” Phys. Fluids
34
, 013303
(2022
).31.
G. M.
Skidmore
,
T. A.
Brungart
,
J. W.
Lindau
, and
M. J.
Money
, “
The control of ventilated supercavity pulsation and noise
,” Int. J. Multiphase Flow
85
, 14
–22
(2016
).32.
S. Y.
Shao
,
Y.
Wu
,
J.
Haynes
,
R. E. A.
Arndt
, and
J. R.
Hong
, “
Investigation into the behaviors of ventilated supercavities in unsteady flow
,” Phys. Fluids
30
(5
), 052102
(2018
).33.
S. J.
Lee
,
B. G.
Paik
, and
R. E. A.
Arndt
, “
Morphological changes of ventilated supercavities in continuous and discrete incident gust flows
,” Ocean Eng.
172
, 1
–8
(2019
).34.
B.
Tian
,
L. M.
Li
,
Y.
Meng
, and
B.
Huang
, “
Multiscale modeling of different cavitating flow patterns around NACA66 hydrofoil
,” Phys. Fluids
34
, 103322
(2022
).35.
X. C.
Wang
,
X. R.
Bai
,
H. Y.
Cheng
,
B.
Ji
, and
X. X.
Peng
, “
Numerical investigation of how gap size influences tip leakage vortex cavitation inception using a Eulerian–Lagrangian method
,” Phys. Fluids
35
, 012113
(2023
).36.
W.
Zou
,
T. X.
Liu
, and
J. X.
Wang
, “
Shear stress on a ventilated supercavity wall
,” in ISOPE Proceedings (ISOPE-2020-TPC-0280), Shanghai, China
(2020
).37.
C.
Xu
,
X.
Zhao
, and
B. C.
Khoo
, “
Numerical investigation of ventilated cavitating flow from high to low cavitation numbers
,” Ocean Eng.
266
, 112782
(2022
).38.
R. F.
Huang
,
R. D.
Qiu
,
Y. C.
Zhi
, and
Y. W.
Wang
, “
Investigations into the ventilated cavities around a surface-piercing hydrofoil at high Froude numbers
,” Phys. Fluids
34
, 043304
(2022
).39.
Y. D.
Vlasenko
, “
Experimental investigation of supercavitation flow regimes at subsonic and transonic speeds
,” in Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Cavitation (CAV03-GS-6-006), Osaka, Japan
(2003
).40.
F.
Bakir
,
R.
Rey
,
A. G.
Gerber
,
T.
Belamri
, and
B.
Hutchinson
, “
Numerical and experimental investigations of the cavitating behavior of an inducer
,” Int. J. Rotating Mach.
10
, 15
–25
(2004
).41.
M. P.
Kinzel
,
J. W.
Lindau
, and
R. F.
Kunz
, “
Gas entrainment from gaseous supercavities: Insight based on numerical simulation
,” Ocean Eng.
221
, 108544
(2021
).42.
Y.
Wu
,
Y.
Liu
,
S. Y.
Shao
, and
J. R.
Hong
, “
On the internal flow of a ventilated supercavity
,” J. Fluid Mech.
862
, 1135
–1165
(2019
).43.
W.
Zou
,
K. P.
Yu
,
R. E. A.
Arndt
, and
E.
Kawakami
, “
On minimum cavitation number of the ventilated supercavity in water tunnel
,” Sci. China-Phys. Mech. Astron.
56
(10
), 1945
–1951
(2013
).© 2023 Author(s). Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.
2023
Author(s)
You do not currently have access to this content.