Atherosclerosis, which causes the artery walls to thicken, the lumen to narrow, and the wall to thin in some places, is characterized by plaque accumulation in the arteries. These blood flow modifications can cause aneurysms and heart attacks if left unattended. Most of the arteries in the cardiovascular system are branched; therefore, a parent artery (main artery) with two daughter arteries (branched arteries) is considered in the present analysis. To examine the impact of various nanoparticle combinations on blood flow, four distinct nanoparticles, namely, gold (Au), graphene oxide (GO), copper (Cu), and tantalum (Ta), were injected into the blood to generate Au–GO–Cu–Ta/blood tetrahybrid nanofluid. In arteries with small diameters, blood behavior is regarded as non-Newtonian; therefore, blood behavior is governed by Jeffrey fluid in the present analysis. It has been investigated how Hall effects, Joule heating, radiation, and viscous dissipation affect blood flow through an artery that has an overlapping stenosis in the branches and a bell-shaped stenosis in the main artery. The approximation of mild stenosis is utilized to simplify and non-dimensionalize the governing equations. The Crank–Nicolson finite-difference scheme is used in MATLAB to solve the resulting equations. The results for velocity, temperature, wall shear stress, flow rate, and heat transfer rate are represented graphically. Furthermore, the entropy optimization has been performed for the specified problem. Enhancement in velocity with half of the bifurcation angle (η) can be observed from the velocity contours. The velocity of the tetrahybrid nanofluid increases with an increase in Jeffrey fluid parameter ( ) and shape parameter of the nanoparticles (n) as well. Introducing nanoparticles into the bloodstream can improve targeted drug delivery, allowing for more precise treatment at the cellular level. In addition, the tunable properties of nanoparticles offer possibilities for enhanced therapeutic and diagnostic treatments in a variety of medical disorders.
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December 2023
Research Article|
December 11 2023
Entropy-driven optimization of radiative Jeffrey tetrahybrid nanofluid flow through a stenosed bifurcated artery with Hall effects
Bhupendra Kumar Sharma (भूपेन्द्र कुमार शर्मा)
;
Bhupendra Kumar Sharma (भूपेन्द्र कुमार शर्मा)
a)
(Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Writing – original draft)
Department of Mathematics, Birla Institute of Technology and Science
, Pilani, 333031 Rajasthan, India
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: bhupen_1402@yahoo.co.in
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Rishu Gandhi (रिशु गांधी)
Rishu Gandhi (रिशु गांधी)
(Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft)
Department of Mathematics, Birla Institute of Technology and Science
, Pilani, 333031 Rajasthan, India
Search for other works by this author on:
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: bhupen_1402@yahoo.co.in
Physics of Fluids 35, 121903 (2023)
Article history
Received:
October 04 2023
Accepted:
November 18 2023
Citation
Bhupendra Kumar Sharma, Rishu Gandhi; Entropy-driven optimization of radiative Jeffrey tetrahybrid nanofluid flow through a stenosed bifurcated artery with Hall effects. Physics of Fluids 1 December 2023; 35 (12): 121903. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0179798
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