This study is driven by the coupled seakeeping–maneuvering analysis, which predicts ship maneuverability in waves by combining seakeeping analysis with a mathematical maneuvering model. The traditional maneuvering model and its corresponding coefficients are developed based on calm sea conditions, where wave effects are typically disregarded as a temporary compromise. It is an inevitable need to revisit the mathematical maneuvering model or coefficients by considering wave effects. To this end, in this study, a series of static drift tests are employed in waves to investigate the influence of wave effects on the sway damping coefficients of ship maneuvering motion. These tests are conducted using a numerical tank, which overcomes spatial constraints and maintains a reliable wave field for ship–wave interactions. Three wave parameters, namely wavelength, wave steepness, and wave direction, are considered to assess their impacts on the wave-induced motions and forces. Furthermore, the wave effects on the maneuvering coefficients are summarized and discussed using direct observations of ship-turning motions in waves. Additionally, the benefits of computational fluid dynamics analysis are utilized to showcase the strong nonlinear phenomena of ship–wave interactions.
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