This study investigates the nuclear blast effects on humans inside a building within a moderate damage zone. These effects depend on many parameters that must be better understood. In addition, the nuclear blast effects will spread further away than the devastating destruction zone, where most people are killed instantly. However, these injuries will vary depending on a person's position in the building and the air velocities attained when the blast wave enters indoors. The blast wave effects are examined for an indicative, easily reproducible indoor arrangement. The airspeed behind the blast wave accelerates to even higher velocities in the interior. The supersonic shock waves arising from the blast undergo expansion as they enter a room through an opening leading to channeling effects. The results show that most of the air is directed toward the corridor rather than through the opposite room's door, leading to high airspeed developed in rooms further down the aisle. The airspeed attained in the interior is calculated for two blast wave overpressures, 3 and 5 pounds per square inch, for which most concrete buildings do not collapse. The data reveal that the force applied to a standing person from the speed of the gusts formed at several locations in the interior is equivalent to several g-forces of body mass acceleration capable of lifting and throwing any person off the ground. It is then the impact onto solid surfaces that can lead to severe injury or death. Finally, the results reveal preferential areas in the rooms where a human can avoid the risk of exposure to the highest wind forces.
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January 2023
Research Article|
January 17 2023
Nuclear explosion impact on humans indoors
Ioannis W. Kokkinakis
;
Ioannis W. Kokkinakis
a)
(Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing)
University of Nicosia
, Nicosia CY-2417, Cyprus
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Dimitris Drikakis
Dimitris Drikakis
b)
(Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing)
University of Nicosia
, Nicosia CY-2417, Cyprus
b)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: [email protected]
Search for other works by this author on:
Ioannis W. Kokkinakis
a)
Dimitris Drikakis
b)
University of Nicosia
, Nicosia CY-2417, Cyprus
a)
Electronic mail: [email protected]
b)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: [email protected]
Physics of Fluids 35, 016114 (2023)
Article history
Received:
October 29 2022
Accepted:
December 05 2022
Citation
Ioannis W. Kokkinakis, Dimitris Drikakis; Nuclear explosion impact on humans indoors. Physics of Fluids 1 January 2023; 35 (1): 016114. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0132565
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