The hydrodynamic benefits of the protruding eyes and mouth (e&m) of a stingray's smooth body are explored using the penalty immersed boundary method. A self-propelled flexible plate was realized in the present study; a clamped leading edge of the flexible plate was forced into a prescribed harmonic oscillation in the vertical direction but was free to move in the horizontal direction. The e&m was formulated by the superposition of several rigid plates. Simulations without the e&m were also performed for comparison. The pressure distributions and vortical structures around the flexible plate were visualized to characterize the hydrodynamic roles of the e&m. The streamwise and spanwise vortices generated by the e&m function together enhance the average cruising speed and thrust, where the streamwise vortices enhance the negative pressure at the leading edge of the flexible plate and the spanwise vortices increase the pressure difference between the upper and lower sides of the plate. A parametric study was performed to find an optimal shape of the e&m that maximizes the average cruising speed () and propulsion efficiency (η) as a function of the spanwise width. The presence of the e&m increased the and η by more than 20.5% and 10.6%, respectively.
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August 2021
Research Article|
August 31 2021
Hydrodynamic benefits of protruding eyes and mouth in a self-propelled flexible stingray
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Qian Mao (毛啟安)
;
Qian Mao (毛啟安)
1
Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Power Machinery and Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST
, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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Jiazhen Zhao (赵嘉桢);
Jiazhen Zhao (赵嘉桢)
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST
, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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Yingzheng Liu (刘应征)
;
Yingzheng Liu (刘应征)
1
Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Power Machinery and Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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Hyung Jin Sung (성형진)
Hyung Jin Sung (성형진)
a)
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST
, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: [email protected]. Tel.: 82-42-350-3027. Fax: 82-42-350-5027
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Jiazhen Zhao (赵嘉桢)
2
1
Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Power Machinery and Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST
, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: [email protected]. Tel.: 82-42-350-3027. Fax: 82-42-350-5027
Physics of Fluids 33, 081915 (2021)
Article history
Received:
June 25 2021
Accepted:
July 17 2021
Citation
Qian Mao, Jiazhen Zhao, Yingzheng Liu, Hyung Jin Sung; Hydrodynamic benefits of protruding eyes and mouth in a self-propelled flexible stingray. Physics of Fluids 1 August 2021; 33 (8): 081915. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0061287
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