The movement of particles in a capillary electrophoretic system under electroosmotic flow was modeled using Monte Carlo simulation with the Metropolis algorithm. Two different cases with repulsive and attractive interactions between molecules were taken into consideration. Simulation was done using a spin-like system, where the interactions between the nearest and second closest neighbors were considered in two separate steps of the modeling study. A total of 20 different cases with different rates of interactions for both repulsive and attractive interactions were modeled. The movement of the particles through the capillary is defined as current. At a low interaction level between molecules, a regular electroosmotic flow is obtained; on the other hand, with increasing interactions between molecules, the current shows a phase transition behavior. The results also show that a modular electroosmotic flow can be obtained for separations by tuning the ratio between molecular interactions and electric field strength.
References
1.
F. B.
Erim
, A.
Cifuentes
, H.
Poppe
, and J. C.
Kraak
, “Performance of a physically adsorbed high-molecular-mass polyethyleneimine layer as coating for the separation of basic proteins and peptides by capillary electrophoresis
,” J. Chromatogr. A
708
, 356
–361
(1995
).2.
F. B.
Erim
, H. F. M.
Boelens
, and J. C.
Kraak
, “Applicability of capillary zone electrophoresis to study metal complexation in solution
,” Anal. Chim. Acta
294
, 155
–163
(1994
).3.
N.
Öztekin
and F. B.
Erim
, “Determination of critical aggregation concentration in the poly-(vinylpyrrolidone)–sodium dodecyl sulfate system by capillary electrophoresis
,” J. Surfactants Deterg.
16
, 363
–367
(2013
).4.
Z.
Kalaycıoğlu
, P.
Hashemi
, K.
Günaydın
, and F. B.
Erim
, “The sensitive capillary electrophoretic-LIF method for simultaneous determination of curcuminoids in turmeric by enhancing fluorescence intensities of molecules upon inclusion into (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin
,” Electrophoresis
36
, 2516
–2521
(2015
).5.
V.
Adımcılar
, N.
Öztekin
, and F. B.
Erim
, “A direct and sensitive analysis method for biogenic amines in dairy products by capillary electrophoresis coupled with contactless conductivity detection
,” Food Anal. Methods
11
, 1374
–1379
(2018
).6.
S.
Uzaşçi
and F. B.
Erim
, “Enhancement of native fluorescence intensity of berberine by (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin in capillary electrophoresis coupled by laser-induced fluorescence detection: Application to quality control of medicinal plants
,” J. Chromatogr. A
1338
, 184
–187
(2014
).7.
J.
Kahle
, K. J.
Maul
, and H.
Wätzig
, “The next generation of capillary electrophoresis instruments: Performance of CE-SDS protein analysis
,” Electrophoresis
39
, 311
–325
(2018
).8.
M.
Mozafari
, S.
El Deeb
, F.
Krull
, R.
Wildgruber
, G.
Weber
, C. G.
Reiter
, and H.
Wätzig
, “Interaction of albumins and heparinoids investigated by affinity capillary electrophoresis and free flow electrophoresis
,” Electrophoresis
39
, 569
–580
(2018
).9.
M.
Olabi
, M.
Stein
, and H.
Wätzig
, “Affinity capillary electrophoresis for studying interactions in life sciences
,” Methods
146
, 76
–92
(2018
).10.
G.
Álvarez
, L.
Montero
, L.
Llorens
, M.
Castro-Puyana
, and A.
Cifuentes
, “Recent advances in the application of capillary electromigration methods for food analysis and Foodomics
,” Electrophoresis
39
, 136
–159
(2018
).11.
A.
Sadeghi
, “Theoretical modeling of electroosmotic flow in soft microchannels: A variational approach applied to the rectangular geometry
,” Phys. Fluids
30
, 032004
(2018
).12.
A.
Bandopadhyay
, D.
Tripathi
, and S.
Chakraborty
, “Electroosmosis-modulated peristaltic transport in microfluidic channels
,” Phys. Fluids
28
, 052002
(2016
).13.
J.-C.
Lei
, C. C.
Chang
, and C.-Y.
Wang
, “Electro-osmotic pumping through a bumpy microtube: Boundary perturbation and detection of roughness
,” Phys. Fluids
31
, 012001
(2019
).14.
A.
Esmaeeli
, “Dielectrophoretic- and electrohydrodynamic-driven translational motion of a liquid column in transverse electric fields
,” Phys. Fluids
28
, 073306
(2016
).15.
S.
Santra
, S.
Das
, and S.
Chakraborty
, “Electric field-induced pinch-off of a compound droplet in Poiseuille flow
,” Phys. Fluids
31
, 062004
(2019
).16.
M. E.
Starkweather
, M.
Muthukumar
, and D. A.
Hoagland
, “Single chain entanglement: A Monte Carlo simulation of dilute solution capillary electrophoresis
,” Macromolecules
31
, 5495
–5501
(1998
).17.
V. L.
McGuffin
, “Stochastic simulation of laminar and electroosmotic convection in capillary electrophoresis and electrochromatography
,” Electrophoresis
22
, 3709
–3719
(2001
).18.
V. A.
Bustos
, G.
Acosta
, M. R.
Gomez
, and V. D.
Pereyra
, “Monte Carlo simulation of the enantioseparation process
,” Physica A
391
, 4389
–4396
(2012
).19.
C. I. D.
Newman
and V. L.
McGuffin
, “Stochastic simulation of reactive separations in capillary electrophoresis
,” Electrophoresis
26
, 537
–547
(2005
).20.
N.
Hill
and B. H.
Lapizco‐Encinas
, “On the use of correction factors for the mathematical modeling of insulator based dielectrophoretic devices
,” Electrophoresis
40
, 2541
–2552
(2019
).21.
T.
Novotný
and B.
Gaš
, “Mathematical model of electromigration allowing the deviation from electroneutrality
,” Electrophoresis
42
, 881
–889
(2021
).22.
A. N.
Berker
and M.
Wortis
, “Blume-Emery-Griffiths-Potts model in two dimensions: Phase diagram and critical properties from a position-space renormalization group
,” Phys. Rev. B
14
, 4946
–4963
(1976
).23.
W.
Hoston
and A. N.
Berker
, “Multicritical phase diagrams of the Blume-Emery-Griffiths model with repulsive biquadratic coupling
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
67
, 1027
–1030
(1991
).24.
Ç.
Yunus
, B.
Renklioğlu
, M.
Keskin
, and A. N.
Berker
, “Stepwise positional-orientational order and the multicritical-multistructural global phase diagram of the s=3/2 Ising model from renormalization-group theory
,” Phys. Rev. E
93
, 062113
(2016
).25.
H. E.
Stanley
, Introduction to Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena
(Oxford University Press
, 1987
).26.
T.
Çağlar
and A. N.
Berker
, “Phase transitions between different spin-glass phases and between different chaoses in quenched random chiral systems
,” Phys. Rev. E
96
, 032103
(2017
).27.
I.
Keçoğlu
and A. N.
Berker
, “Across dimensions: Two- and three-dimensional phase transitions from the iterative renormalization-group theory of chains
,” Phys. Rev. E
102
, 032134
(2020
).28.
A.
Gürel
, J.
Hızal
, N.
Öztekin
, and F. B.
Erim
, “CE determination of carbohydrates using a dipeptide as separation electrolyte
,” Chromatographia
64
, 321
–324
(2006
).© 2021 Author(s). Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.
2021
Author(s)
You do not currently have access to this content.
