Direct numerical simulations are used to study the effect of intraventricular flow patterns on the pumping efficiency and the blood mixing and transport characteristics of the left ventricle. The simulations employ a geometric model of the left ventricle which is derived from contrast computed tomography. A variety of diastolic flow conditions are generated for a fixed ejection fraction in order to delineate the effect of flow patterns on ventricular performance. The simulations indicate that the effect of intraventricular blood flow pattern on the pumping power is physiologically insignificant. However, diastolic flow patterns have a noticeable effect on the blood mixing as well as the residence time of blood cells in the ventricle. The implications of these findings on ventricular function are discussed.
REFERENCES
1.
D.
Garcia
, J. C.
Álamo
, D.
Tanné
, R.
Yotti
, C.
Cortina
, É.
Bertrand
, J. C.
Antoranz
, E.
Pérez-David
, R.
Rieu
, F.
Fernández-Avilés
, and J.
Bermejo
, “Two-dimensional intraventricular flow mapping by digital processing conventional color-Doppler echocardiography images
,” IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging
29
(10
), 1701
–1713
(2010
).2.
G.-R.
Hong
, G.
Pedrizzetti
, G.
Tonti
, P.
Li
, Z.
Wei
, J. K.
Kim
, A.
Baweja
, S.
Liu
, N.
Chung
, H.
Houle
, J.
Narula
, and M. A.
Vannan
, “Characterization and quantification of vortex flow in the human left ventricle by contrast echocardiography using vector particle image velocimetry
,” JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging
1
(6
), 705
–717
(2008
).3.
R.
Faludi
, M.
Szulik
, J.
D’hooge
, P.
Herijgers
, F.
Rademakers
, G.
Pedrizzetti
, and J.-U.
Voigt
, “Left ventricular flow patterns in healthy subjects and patients with prosthetic mitral valves: An in vivo study using echocardiographic particle image velocimetry
,” J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.
139
(6
), 1501
–1510
(2010
).4.
P. J.
Kilner
, G.
Yang
, A. J.
Wilkes
, R. H.
Mohiaddin
, N.
Firmin
, and H.
Yacoub
, “Asymmetric redirection of flow through the heart
,” Nature
404
, 759
–761
(2000
).5.
A. F.
Bolger
, E.
Heiberg
, M.
Karlsson
, L.
Wigström
, J.
Engvall
, A.
Sigfridsson
, T.
Ebbers
, J.-P. E.
Kvitting
, C. J.
Carlhäll
, and B.
Wranne
, “Transit of blood flow through the human left ventricle mapped by cardiovascular magnetic resonance
,” J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson.
9
, 741
–747
(2007
).6.
C. J.
Carlhäll
and A.
Bolger
, “Passing strange: Flow in the failing ventricle
,” Circ. Heart Fail.
3
, 326
–331
(2010
).7.
F.
Domenichini
, G.
Querzoli
, A.
Cenedese
, G.
Pedrizzetti
, “Combined experimental and numerical analysis of the flow structure into the left ventricle
,” J. Biomech.
40
, 1988
–1994
(2007
).8.
G.
Querzoli
, S.
Fortini
, and A.
Cenedes
, “Effect of prosthetic mitral valve on vortex dynamics and turbulence of the left ventricular flow
,” Phys. Fluids
22
, 041901
(2010
).9.
F.
Domenichini
, G.
Pedrizzetti
, and B.
Baccani
, “Three-dimensional filling flow into a model left ventricle
,” J. Fluid Mech.
539
, 179
–198
(2005
).10.
T.
Doenst
, K.
Spiegel
, M.
Reik
, M.
Markl
, J.
Henning
, S.
Nitzsche
, F.
Beyersdorf
, and H.
Oertel
, “Fluid-dynamics modeling of the human left ventricle: Methodology and application to surgical ventricular reconstruction
,” Ann. Thorac. Surg.
87
, 1187
–1195
(2009
).11.
V.
Mihalef
, R.
Ionasec
, P.
Sharma
, B.
Georgescu
, I.
Voigt
, M.
Suehling
, and D.
Comaniciu
, “Patient-specific modelling of whole heart anatomy, dynamics and hemodynamics from four-dimensional cardiac CT images
,” J. R. Soc. Interface Focus
1
, 286
–296
(2011
).12.
N. R.
Saber
, A. D.
Gosman
, N. B.
Wood
, P. J.
Kilner
, C. L.
Charrier
, and D. N.
Firmin
, “Computational flow modeling of the left ventricle based on in vivo MRI data: Initial experience
,” Ann. Biomed. Eng.
29
, 275
–283
(2001
).13.
N. R.
Saber
, N. B.
Wood
, A. D.
Gosman
, R. D.
Merrifield
, G.
Yang
, C. L.
Charrier
, P. D.
Gatahouse
, and D. N.
Firmin
, “Progress towards patient specific computational flow modeling of the left heart via combination of magnetic resonance imaging with computational fluid dynamics
,” Ann. Biomed. Eng.
31
, 42
–52
(2003
).14.
T.
Schenkel
, M.
Malve
, M.
Markl
, B.
Jung
, and H.
Oertel
, “MRI-based CFD analysis of flow in a human left ventricle methodology and application to a healthy heart
,” Ann. Biomed. Eng.
37
(3
), 503
–515
(2009
).15.
X.
Zheng
, J. H.
Seo
, V.
Vedula
, T.
Abraham
, and R.
Mittal
, “Computational modeling and analysis of intracardiac flows in simple models of the left ventricle
,” Eur. J. Mech. B/Fluids
35
, 31
–39
(2012
).16.
G.
Pedrizzetti
and F.
Domenichini
, “Nature optimizes the swirling flow in the human left ventricle
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
95
, 108101
(2005
).17.
H.
Watanabe
, S.
Sugiura
, and T.
Hisada
, “The looped heart does not save energy by maintaining the momentum of blood flowing in the ventricle
,” Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
294
, H2191
–H2196
(2008
).18.
G.
Pedrizzetti
, F.
Domenichini
, and G.
Tonti
, “On the left ventricular vortex reversal after mitral valve replacement
,” Ann. Biomed. Eng.
38
(3
), 769
–773
(2010
).19.
R.
Mittal
, H.
Dong
, M.
Bozkurttas
, F. M.
Najjar
, A.
Vargas
, and A. A.
von Loebbecke
, “A versatile sharp interface immersed boundary method for incompressible flows with complex boundaries
,” J. Comput. Phys.
227
, 4825
–4852
(2008
).20.
B. J.
Delemarre
, C. A.
Visser
, H.
Bot
, A. J.
Dunning
, and H.
Koning
, “Prediction of apical thrombus formation in acute myocardial infarction based on left ventricular spatial flow pattern
,” J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.
15
(2
), 355
–360
(1990
).21.
S. S.
Maze
, M. N.
Kotler
, and W. R.
Parry
, “Flow characteristics in the dilated left ventricle with thrombus: Qualitative and quantitative Doppler Analysis
,” J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.
13
(4
), 873
–881
(1989
).22.
D. E.
Francischelli
, J. M.
Tarbell
, and D. B.
Geselowitz
, “Local blood residence times in the Penn State artificial heart
,” Artif. Organs
15
(3
), 218
–224
(1991
).23.
H.
Watanabe
, S.
Sugiura
, H.
Kafuku
, and T.
Hisda
, “Multiphysics simulation of left ventricle filling dynamics using fluid-structure interaction finite element method
,” Biophys. J.
87
, 2074
–2085
(2004
).24.
T. W.
Taylor
, H.
Suga
, Y.
Goto
, H.
Okino
, and T.
Yamaguchi
, “The effects of cardiac infarction on realistic three-dimensional left ventricular blood ejection
,” Trans. ASME J. Biomech. Eng.
118
, 106
–110
(1996
).25.
M.
Gharib
, E.
Rambod
, A.
Kheradvar
, D. J.
Sahn
, and J. O.
Dabiri
, “Optimal vortex ring formation as an index of cardiac health
,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
103
(16
), 6305
–6308
(2006
).26.
M. M.
Redfield
, S. J.
Jacobsen
, J. C.
Burnett
Jr., D. W.
Mahoney
, K. R.
Bailey
, and R. J.
Rodeheffer
, “Burden of systolic and diastolic ventricular dysfunction in the community; Appreciating the scope of the heart failure epidemic
,” J. Am. Med. Assoc.
289
(2
), 194
–202
(2003
).27.
O. A.
Smiseth
and M.
Tendera
, Diastolic Heart Failure
(Springer
, London
, 2008
).28.
M. E.
Moghadam
, I. E.
Vignon-Clementel
, R.
Figliola
, and A. L.
Marsden
, “A modular numerical method for implicit 0D/3D coupling in cardiovascular finite element simulations
,” J. Comput. Phys.
244
(1
), 63
–79
(2013
).29.
M. E.
Moghadam
, Y.
Bazilevs
, T. Y.
Hsia
, I. E.
Vignon-Clementel
, and A. L.
Marsden
, “A comparison of outlet boundary treatments for prevention of backflow divergence with relevance to blood flow simulations
,” Comput. Mech.
48
, 277
–291
(2011
).30.
J.
Jeong
and F.
Hussain
, “On the identification of a vortex
,” J. Fluid Mech.
285
, 69
–94
(1995
).31.
M.
Gharib
, E.
Rambod
, and K.
Shariff
, “A universal time scale for vortex ring formation
,” J. Fluid Mech.
360
, 121
–140
(1998
).32.
Handbook of Cardiac Anatomy, Physiology, and Devices
, edited by P. A.
Iaizzo
(Humana Press
, Totowa
, 2009
), Chap. 18.33.
H.
Suga
, Y.
Igarashi
, O.
Yamada
, and Y.
Goto
, “Mechanical efficiency of the left ventricle as a function of preload, afterload, and contractility
,” Heart Vessels
1
, 3
–8
(1985
).34.
D.
Burkhoff
and K.
Sagawa
, “Ventricular efficiency predicted by an analytical model
,” Am. J. Physiol. Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol.
250
, 1021
–1027
(1986
).35.
R. G.
Holdich
, Fundamental of Particle Technology
(Midland Information Technology and Publishing
, Loughborough, UK
, 2002
), Chap. 12.36.
P. M. C.
Lacey
, “Development in the theory of particle mixing
,” J. Appl. Chem.
4
(5
), 257
–268
(1954
).37.
S.
Hendabadi
, J. C.
del Alamo
, Y.
Benito
, R.
Yoti
, J.
Bermejo
, and S.
Shadden
, “Characterization of human left ventricle flow patterns using ultrasound and Lagrangian coherent structures
,” in 65th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics, San Diego, California, 18–20 November 2012
(American Physical Society
, 2012
), Vol. 57
, issue 17.© 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.
2013
AIP Publishing LLC
You do not currently have access to this content.
