Low-temperature supersonic boundary layer control using repetitively pulsed magnetohydrodynamic forcing Available to Purchase

The paper presents results of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) supersonic boundary layer control experiments using repetitively pulsed, short-pulse duration, high-voltage discharges in $M=3$ flows of nitrogen and air in the presence of a magnetic field of $B=1.5T$⁠. We also have conducted boundary layer flow visualization experiments using laser sheet scattering. Flow visualization results show that as the Reynolds number increases, the boundary layer flow becomes much more chaotic, with the spatial scale of temperature fluctuations decreasing. Combined with density fluctuation spectra measurements using laser differential interferometry (LDI) diagnostics, this behavior suggests that boundary layer transition occurs at stagnation pressures of $P0∼200–250Torr$⁠. A crossed discharge (⁠$pulser+dc$ sustainer) in $M=3$ flows of air and nitrogen produced a stable, diffuse, and uniform plasma, with the time-average dc current up to $1.0A$ in nitrogen and up to $0.8A$ in air. The electrical conductivity and the Hall parameter in these flows are inferred from the current voltage characteristics of the sustainer discharge. LDI measurements detected the MHD effect on the ionized boundary layer density fluctuations at these conditions. Retarding Lorentz force applied to $M=3$ nitrogen, air, and $N2–He$ flows produces an increase of the density fluctuation intensity by up to $2dB$ (about 25%), compared to the accelerating force of the same magnitude. The effect is demonstrated for two possible combinations of the magnetic field and current directions producing the same Lorentz force direction (both for accelerating and retarding force).