Three‐dimensional magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in cylindrical geometry

Ideal magnetohydrodynamic turbulence is treated using more realistic boundary conditions than rectangular periodic boundary conditions. The dynamical equations of incompressible magnetohydrodynamics and the associated fields are expanded in a set of vector eigenfunctions of the curl. The individual eigenfunctions represent force‐free fields, but superpositions of them do not. Three integral invariants have simple quadratic expressions in the expansion coefficients: the total energy, the magnetic helicity, and the cross helicity. The invariants remain temporally constant in the face of a truncation at a large but finite number of coefficients. Boundary conditions imposed are those for a rigid, perfectly‐conducting cylindrical boundary, with an arbitrary periodicity length parallel to the axis. Canonical distributions are constructed from the invariants. Mean‐square turbulent velocity fields 〈v²〉 have finite values for virtually all initial conditions, including quiescient ones. The stability problem can be reformulated as a search for values of the integral invariants which will minimize 〈v²〉. This leads to a principle of extremal helicity, which requires a magnetic configuration which will minimize 〈v²〉 for a given total energy. The development of helical macroscopic structures in the cylinder as a function of increasing ratio of axial current to axial magnetic flux is predicted.