The study results of the formation and agglomeration of color centers in undoped lithium fluoride crystals irradiated by the M-30 microtron (18 MeV) are presented. The optical absorption spectra of the irradiated samples were used to identify F-centers and their agglomerates, M-centers. The concentration of coloring centers of different grades was calculated using the well-known Smakula–Dexter equation. The increase in the concentration of absorbing centers with the irradiation fluence increase. The possibility of using the coloring centers for dosimetric studies is discussed: for low doses, the concentration of F-centers, and for high doses, respectively, M-centers.
REFERENCES
1.
D. A.
Schauer
, A.
Brodsky
, and J. A.
Sayeg
, 15 radiation dosimetry
, edited by, Michael F.
L’Annunziata
, Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis
, (Academic Press
, 2003
), p. 1165
.2.
I.
Thierry-Chef
, E.
Cardis
, J.
Damilakis
, G.
Frija
, M.
Hierath
, and C.
Hoeschen
, “Medical applications of ionizing radiation and radiation protection for European patients, population and environment
,” EPJ Nuclear Sci. Technol.
8
, 44
(2022
). 3.
J. M.
Cuttler
, “Application of low doses of ionizing radiation in medical therapies
,” Dose-Response
(published online 2020).4.
M.
Hoseini
, S.
Hamidi
, A.
Mohammadi
, and E.
Salehi
, “A novel method for investigation of the impact of sterilization by gamma radiation on polycaprolactone scaffold
,” Front. Phys.
10
, 1071269
(2022
). 5.
P. K.
Pradeep
, Radiation technologies and applications
, in: Materials Science
, CRC Press
, (2022
).6.
A. T.
Naikwadi
, B. K.
Sharma
, K. D.
Bhatt
, and P. A.
Mahanwar
, “Gamma radiation processed polymeric materials for high performance applications: A review
,” Front Chem.
10
, 837111
(2022
). 7.
Y.
Horowitz
, R.
Chen
, L.
Oster
, and I.
Eliyahu
, “Thermoluminescence theory and analysis advances and impact on applications, Encyclopedia of spectroscopy and spectrometry
,” Elsevier Ltd
. (2017
), p. 444
.8.
V.
Maslyuk
, O.
Pop
, B.
Obryk
, N.
Svatiuk
, J.
Hainish
, A.
Rusyn
, M.
Romanyuk
, and I.
Megela
, “Dosimetric studies of e-, γ-, n-irradiation fields of the M-30 microtron (18.5 MeV)
,” Radiation Physics and Chemistry
223
, 111964
(2024
). 9.
Z.
Yang
, H.
Vrielinck
, L. G.
Jacobsohn
, P. F.
Smet
, and D.
Poelman
, “Passive dosimeters for radiation dosimetry: Materials, mechanisms, and applications
,” Adv. Funct. Mater.
34
, 2406186
(2024
). 10.
M. N.
Konopka
, P.
Bilski
, B.
Obryk
, B.
Marczewska
, P.
Olko
, M.
Kłosowski
, and W.
Gieszczyk
, “Luminescence dosimetry: Review of methods, detectors and their applications
,” Nonlinear Opt. Quantum Opt.
48
, 133
(2017
).11.
S. W. S.
McKeever
, “An overview of, and prospects for, new luminescent detectors
,” Radiation Measurements
171
, 107062
(2024
). 12.
P.
Bilski
, B.
Obryk
, W.
Gieszczyk
, and P.
Baran
, “Position of LiF: Mg, Cu, P TL peak as an alternative method for ultra-high-dose dosimetry
,” Radiation Measurements
139
, 106486
(2020
). 13.
B.
Novais
, E.
Ferraz
, A. S.
Souza
, P. L.
Antonio
, L. V. E.
Caldas
, J.
Batista
, and H.
Lima
, “Influence of the photoionization cross-section on the OSL signal of LiF: A theoretical and experimental approach
,” Opt. Mater.
102
, 109792
(2020
). 14.
F.
Somma
, P.
Aloe
, F.
d’Acapito
, R. M.
Montereali
, S.
Polosan
, M.
Secu
, and M. A.
Vincenti
, “Optical and X-ray absorption spectroscopy in lead doped lithium fluoride crystals
,” IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.
15
, 012035
(2010
). 15.
V.
Chernov
, T. M.
Piters
, and S.
Mironenko
, “Temperature variation of the shape of the F band in undoped LiF
,” Radiation Protection Dosimetry
100
, 175
(2002
). 16.
G.
Baldacchini
, A. T.
Davidson
, V. S.
Kalinov
, A. G.
Kozakiewicz
, R. M.
Montereali
, E.
Nichelatti
, and A. P.
Voitovich
, “Thermoluminescence of pure LiF crystals and color centers
,” J. Lumin.
122–123
, 371
(2007
). 17.
J. N.
Gopal
, B.
Sanyal
, and A.
Lakshmanan
, “Radiophotoluminescence and thermoluminescence characteristics of undoped and Mg-doped LiF phosphor in the high-dose region
,” Radiation Measurements
109
, 24
(2018
). 18.
M.
Sankowska
, P.
Bilski
, B.
Marczewska
, and Y.
Zhydachevskyy
, “Influence of elevated temperature on color centers in LiF crystals and their photoluminescence
,” Materials
16
, 1489
(2023
). 19.
F.
Karsai
, P.
Tiwald
, R.
Laskowski
, F.
Tran
, D.
Koller
, S.
Gräfe
, J.
Burgdörfer
, L.
Wirtz
, and P.
Blaha
, “F center in lithium fluoride revisited: Comparison of solid-state physics and quantum-chemistry approaches
,” Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter
89
, 125429
(2014
). 20.
M. A.
Vincenti
, G.
Baldacchini
, V. S.
Kalinov
, R. M.
Montereali
, and A. P.
Voitovich
, “Spectroscopic investigation of F, F2 and F3+ color centers in gamma irradiated lithium fluoride crystals
,” IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.
15
, 012053
(2010
). 21.
L. C.
Courrol
, R. E.
Samad
, L.
Gomes
, I. M.
Ranieri
, S. L.
Baldochi
, A. Z.
Freitas
, S. P.
Morato
, and N. D.
Vieira
, Jr., “Color center production by femtosecond-pulse laser irradiation in fluoride crystals
,” Laser Phys.
16
, 331
(2006
). 22.
J. H.
Simon
, M. F.
Gareth
, and M. N. R.
Ashfold
, “Comparing the short and ultrashort pulsed laser ablation of LiF
,” J. Appl. Phys.
97
, 023304
(2005
). 23.
M.
Sakakura
, Yu.
Ishiguro
, N.
Fukuda
, Ya.
Shimotsuma
, and K.
Miura
, “Modulation of laser induced-cracks inside a LiF single crystal by fs laser irradiation at multiple points
,” Opt. Express
21
, 26921
(2013
). 24.
E.
Nichelatti
, M.
Piccinini
, P.
Nenzi
, L.
Picardi
, C.
Ronsivalle
, and R. M.
Montereali
, “Proton-beam energy diagnostics by color-center photoluminescence imaging in LiF crystals: Implementation of multiple Coulomb scattering into an analytical bragg-curve model
,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sec. B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms
547
, 165207
(2024
). 25.
A. M.
Stoneham
, Self-trapped holes: the Vk-centre, Theory of Defects in Solids: Electronic Structure of Defects in Insulators and Semiconductors
, Oxford Classic Texts in the Physical Sciences (2007
).26.
A. S.
Tygesen
, J. H.
Chang
, and J. M.
García-Lastra
, “Dependence of polaron migration barriers on the fraction of fock exchange in hybrid functionals: A systematic study of Vk centers in alkali halides
,” Phys. Rev. B
108
, 045120
(2023
). 27.
W. L.
McLaughlin
, “Colour centres in LiF for measurement of absorbed doses up to 100 MGy
,” Radiation Protection Dosimetry
66
, 197
(1996
). 28.
V. T.
Maslyuk
, I. G.
Megela
, B.
Obryk
, and T. O.
Vieru-Vasilitsa
, “Luminescent properties of LiF: Mg, Cu, P detectors irradiated by the 10 MeV electrons
,” Radiation Effects & Defects in Solids
172
, 782
(2017
). 29.
R. M.
Montereali
, E.
Nichelatti
, M.
Piccinini
, V.
Nigro
, and M. A.
Vincenti
, “Radiophotoluminescence of color centers in lithium fluoride for novel radiation detectors in proton-beam diagnostics and clinical dosimetry
,” ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.
10
, 116001
(2021
). © 2025 Author(s). Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.
2025
Author(s)
You do not currently have access to this content.
