The low efficiency of hydrolysis is usually the rate-limiting step in the anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic substrates. In this investigation, bioaugmentation and pretreatment using the cellulolytic anaerobic bacterium Clostridium thermocellum have been found to be beneficial for the improvement of the hydrolysis of switchgrass and enhancing methane production. By adopting these two methods, the methane production of switchgrass reached 289.309 and 278.34 ml/g volatile solids, with an increase of 24.2% and 19.5%, respectively, compared to the blank group. The outcome of this study clearly indicated that the fermentation efficiency could be improved by the use of microorganisms in the above two methods. The methane yield of bioaugmentation not only was slightly higher than that of biopretreatment but also had a higher efficiency in terms of total time and was more adaptive to the industrial implementation. Moreover, this study proved that Clostridium thermocellum required about one week to acclimatize the anaerobic condition and the optimum adding time was at the beginning of anaerobic digestion.
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