We review recent determinations of the Boltzmann constant kB and the differences T − T90 that used cylindrical acoustic gas thermometry (c-AGT). These determinations measured the acoustic resonance frequencies of argon gas enclosed by metal-walled, cylindrical cavities. (Here, T is the thermodynamic temperature and T90 is the temperature measured on the International Temperature Scale of 1990, ITS-90.) In the range 234–303 K, the standard uncertainty of c-AGT ranges from 1.9 × 10−6 T to 2.6 × 10−6 T. This uncertainty is much smaller than the errors in ITS-90; therefore, c-AGT can help improve ITS-90. Moreover, we are extending c-AGT up to 1358 K. With increasing temperatures, c-AGT becomes advantageous relative to AGT based on quasi-spherical cavities because long cylindrical cavities (1) naturally fit into cylindrical heat pipes or multi-shelled thermostats; (2) provide the immersion required by transfer temperature standards, such as long-stemmed platinum resistance thermometers; and (3) have more useful, low-frequency acoustic resonances. In preparation for high-temperature c-AGT, we identified suitable materials for fabricating cylindrical cavities and we developed techniques for measuring acoustic resonance frequencies using sources and detectors outside the high-temperature thermostat. We also considered alternative test gases and optimal dimensions of cavities.
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September 2023
Review Article|
July 06 2023
Cylindrical Acoustic Gas Thermometry
Special Collection:
Fundamental Constants: Realization of the Kelvin
Li Xing
;
Li Xing
1
National Institute of Metrology
, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
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Xiao-Juan Feng
;
Xiao-Juan Feng
a)
1
National Institute of Metrology
, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
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Ming-Hao Si
;
Ming-Hao Si
1
National Institute of Metrology
, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
2
Tsinghua University
, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
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Jin-Tao Zhang
;
Jin-Tao Zhang
a)
1
National Institute of Metrology
, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
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Hong Lin
;
Hong Lin
1
National Institute of Metrology
, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
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Keith A. Gillis
;
Keith A. Gillis
3
National Institute of Standards and Technology
, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8360, USA
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Michael R. Moldover
Michael R. Moldover
3
National Institute of Standards and Technology
, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8360, USA
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J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 52, 031501 (2023)
Article history
Received:
December 20 2022
Accepted:
May 27 2023
Citation
Li Xing, Xiao-Juan Feng, Ming-Hao Si, Jin-Tao Zhang, Hong Lin, Keith A. Gillis, Michael R. Moldover; Cylindrical Acoustic Gas Thermometry. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 1 September 2023; 52 (3): 031501. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0139385
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