We develop a formalism to estimate, simultaneously, the usual bulk and edge indices from topological insulators in the case of a finite sample with open boundary conditions and provide a physical interpretation of these quantities. We then show that they converge exponentially fast to an integer value when we increase the system size and also show that bulk and edge index estimates coincide at finite size. The theorem applies to any non-homogeneous system, such as disordered or defect configurations. We focus on one-dimensional chains with chiral symmetry, such as the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model, but the proof actually only requires the Hamiltonian to be of short range and with a spectral gap in the bulk. The definition of bulk and edge index estimates relies on a finite-size version of the switch-function formalism where the Fermi projector is smoothed in energy using a carefully chosen regularization parameter.
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Explicitly, one has for and ,
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