Biorthonormal eigenbasis of a Markovian master equation for the quantum Brownian motion

The solution to a quantum Markovian master equation of a harmonic oscillator weakly coupled to a thermal reservoir is investigated as a non-Hermitian eigenvalue problem in space coordinates. In terms of a pair of quantum action-angle variables, the equation becomes separable and a complete set of biorthogonal eigenfunctions can be constructed. Properties of quantum states, such as the change in the quantum coherence length, damping in the motion, and disappearance of the spatial interference pattern, can then be described as the decay of the nonequilibrium modes in the eigenbasis expansion. It is found that the process of gaining quantum coherence from the environment takes a longer time than the opposite process of losing quantum coherence to the environment. An estimate of the time scales of these processes is obtained.