The energy barrier which has to be overcome for a single vortex to enter or exit the sample is studied for thin superconducting disks, rings, and squares using the nonlinear Ginzburg–Landau theory. The shape and the height of the nucleation barrier is investigated for different sample radii and thicknesses and for different values of the Ginzburg–Landau parameter . It is shown that the London theory considerably overestimates (underestimates) the energy barrier for vortex expulsion (penetration).
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